1: APOB apolipoprotein B[Homo sapiens] Gene ID: 338, updated on 16-Mar-2025 SUMMARY ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Official Symbol: APOB (provided by HGNC) Official full name: apolipoprotein B (provided by HGNC) Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:603 See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000084674; MIM:107730; AllianceGenome:HGNC:603 Gene type: protein coding RefSeq status: REVIEWED Organism: Homo sapiens Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo Also known as: FLDB; FCHL2; LDLCQ4; apoB-48; apoB-100 Summary: This gene product is the main apolipoprotein of chylomicrons and low density lipoproteins (LDL), and is the ligand for the LDL receptor. It occurs in plasma as two main isoforms, apoB-48 and apoB-100: the former is synthesized exclusively in the gut and the latter in the liver. The intestinal and the hepatic forms of apoB are encoded by a single gene from a single, very long mRNA. The two isoforms share a common N-terminal sequence. The shorter apoB-48 protein is produced after RNA editing of the apoB-100 transcript at residue 2180 (CAA->UAA), resulting in the creation of a stop codon, and early translation termination. Mutations in this gene or its regulatory region cause hypobetalipoproteinemia, normotriglyceridemic hypobetalipoproteinemia, and hypercholesterolemia due to ligand-defective apoB, diseases affecting plasma cholesterol and apoB levels. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2019] Orthologsall (/gene/?Term=ortholog_gene_338[group]), mouse (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/238055) GENOMIC CONTEXT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Location: 2p24.1 Annotation release Status Assembly Chromosome Location ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 2 NC_000002.12 (21001429..21044073, complement) RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 2 NC_060926.1 (21034648..21077293, complement) RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 2 NC_000002.11 (21224301..21266945, complement) Exont count: 29 BIBLIOGRAPHY -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PHENOTYPES
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Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI
	http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gap/PheGenI?chr=2&from=21044072&fromto=21044072+21001428&tab=0

Professional guidelines
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Professional guideline
	ACMG 2013		
		The ACMG recommends that laboratories performing clinical sequencing seek and report mutations in APOB that are pathogenic or expected to be pathogenic.
			
			Guideline(http://www.acmg.net/docs/ACMG_Releases_Highly-Anticipated_Recommendations_on_Incidental_Findings_in_Clinical_Exome_and_Genome_Sequencing.pdf)
			PubMed(/pubmed/23788249)
Associated conditions
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Description	Tests
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Biological, clinical and population relevance of 95 loci for blood lipids.
	GeneReviews: Not available	
Bipolar disorder with comorbid binge eating history: A genome-wide association study implicates APOB.
	GeneReviews: Not available	
Common variants at 30 loci contribute to polygenic dyslipidemia.
	GeneReviews: Not available	
Discovery and refinement of loci associated with lipid levels.
	GeneReviews: Not available	
Excess of rare variants in genes identified by genome-wide association study of hypertriglyceridemia.
	GeneReviews: Not available	
Familial defective apolipoprotein B-100 and increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and coronary artery calcification in the old order amish.
	GeneReviews: Not available	
Familial hypercholesterolemia
	MedGen: C0020445 GeneReviews: Familial Hypercholesterolemia	
Familial hypobetalipoproteinemia 1
	MedGen: C4551990 OMIM:  615558 GeneReviews: APOB-Related Familial Hypobetalipoproteinemia	
Forty-three loci associated with plasma lipoprotein size, concentration, and cholesterol content in genome-wide analysis.
	GeneReviews: Not available	
Genetic variants in LPL, OASL and TOMM40/APOE-C1-C2-C4 genes are associated with multiple cardiovascular-related traits.
	GeneReviews: Not available	
Genetic variants influencing circulating lipid levels and risk of coronary artery disease.
	GeneReviews: Not available	
Genome-wide association analysis identifies loci for type 2 diabetes and triglyceride levels.
	GeneReviews: Not available	
Genome-wide association analysis of metabolic traits in a birth cohort from a founder population.
	GeneReviews: Not available	
Genome-wide association of lipid-lowering response to statins in combined study populations.
	GeneReviews: Not available	
Genome-wide association study evaluating lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 mass and activity at baseline and after rosuvastatin therapy.
	GeneReviews: Not available	
Genome-wide association study of coronary heart disease and its risk factors in 8,090 African Americans: the NHLBI CARe Project.
	GeneReviews: Not available	
Genome-wide association study pinpoints a new functional apolipoprotein B variant influencing oxidized low-density lipoprotein levels but not cardiovascular events: AtheroRemo Consortium.
	GeneReviews: Not available	
Genome-wide association study to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the development of erectile dysfunction in African-American men after radiotherapy for prostate cancer.
	GeneReviews: Not available	
Genome-wide characterization of shared and distinct genetic components that influence blood lipid levels in ethnically diverse human populations.
	GeneReviews: Not available	
Genome-wide screen for metabolic syndrome susceptibility Loci reveals strong lipid gene contribution but no evidence for common genetic basis for clustering of metabolic syndrome traits.
	GeneReviews: Not available	
Hypercholesterolemia, autosomal dominant, type B
	MedGen: C1704417 OMIM:  144010 GeneReviews: Familial Hypercholesterolemia	
LDL-cholesterol concentrations: a genome-wide association study.
	GeneReviews: Not available	
Loci influencing lipid levels and coronary heart disease risk in 16 European population cohorts.
	GeneReviews: Not available	
Newly identified loci that influence lipid concentrations and risk of coronary artery disease.
	GeneReviews: Not available	
Novel Loci for metabolic networks and multi-tissue expression studies reveal genes for atherosclerosis.
	GeneReviews: Not available	
Six new loci associated with blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or triglycerides in humans.
	GeneReviews: Not available	

Copy number response
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Copy number response
	Triplosensitivity		
		No evidence available (Last evaluated 2020-04-09)
			
			ClinGen Genome Curation Page(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/dbvar/ISCA/isca_gene.cgi?sym=APOB)Haploinsufficency		
		Sufficient evidence for dosage pathogenicity (Last evaluated 2020-04-09)
			
			ClinGen Genome Curation Page(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/dbvar/ISCA/isca_gene.cgi?sym=APOB)
			PubMed(/pubmed/1527480,27179706,2843815)
VARIATION ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See variants in ClinVar, //130.14.22.61/gene/clinvar/?term=APOB[gene] See studies and variants in dbVar, //130.14.22.61/gene See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13), //130.14.22.61/gene/variation/view/?q=338[geneid]&assm=GCF_000001405.25 See Variation Viewer (GRCh38), //130.14.22.61/gene/variation/view/?q=338[geneid]
HIV-1 INTERACTIONS
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Replication interactions
Interaction		Pubs
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Knockdown of apolipoprotein B (APOB) by siRNA inhibits HIV-1 replication in HeLa P4/R5 cells		18976975

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database: //130.14.22.61/genome/viruses/retroviruses/hiv-1/interactions/

INTERACTION
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Description of Gene Interaction table

Product		Interactant	Other Gene    Complex	Source		Pubs
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

P04114         	P02647         	APOA1      		HPRD		PMID: 7592581
P04114         	P21810         	BGN        		HPRD		PMID: 12070165
P04114         	P27797         	CALR       		HPRD		PMID: 12397072,10513896
P04114         	P27824         	CANX       		HPRD		PMID: 14498830
P04114         	P07900         	HSP90AA1   		HPRD		PMID: 11333259
P04114         	P14625         	HSP90B1    		HPRD		PMID: 12397072
P04114         	Heat shock 70 KD protein 1A	HSPA1A     		HPRD		PMID: 9252351
P04114         	P11021         	HSPA5      		HPRD		PMID: 12397072
P04114         	P11142         	HSPA8      		HPRD		PMID: 9694898
P04114         	P01130         	LDLR       		HPRD		PMID: 12031600
P04114         	P11150         	LIPC       		HPRD		PMID: 9685400
P04114         	P98164         	LRP2       		HPRD		PMID: 10330424
P04114         	P55157         	MTTP       		HPRD		PMID: 11358959,9915855
P04114         	P13667         	PDIA4      		HPRD		PMID: 12397072,9694898
P04114         	P23284         	PPIB       		HPRD		PMID: 12397072
P04114         	Q9H9S3         	SEC61A2    		HPRD		PMID: 9565615
P04114         	P60468         	SEC61B     		HPRD		PMID: 9565615
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:114984 	AATK       		BioGRID		PMID: 35384245
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:107643 	ACKR2      		BioGRID		PMID: 33961781
Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS)
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:106602 	ACTN1      		BioGRID		PMID: 38334954,35575683
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:121224 	AGPAT3     		BioGRID		PMID: 33961781
Two-hybrid
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:106711 	AKT2       		BioGRID		PMID: 21988832
Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS)
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:106715 	ALB        		BioGRID		PMID: 37343697
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:119959 	ANLN       		BioGRID		PMID: 26496610
Affinity Capture-Western; Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS)
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:106832 	APOA1      		BioGRID		PMID: 37343697,28183703,19164805
Affinity Capture-Western
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:106835 	APOB       		BioGRID		PMID: 19164805
Two-hybrid
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:120856 	ARFGAP1    		BioGRID		PMID: 21988832
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:127998 	ARX        		BioGRID		PMID: 26496610
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:128104 	ASXL1      		BioGRID		PMID: 36180891
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:120543 	ASXL2      		BioGRID		PMID: 36180891
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:123314 	ASXL3      		BioGRID		PMID: 36180891
Affinity Capture-MS; Affinity Capture-Western; Co-localization
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:107031 	AUP1       		BioGRID		PMID: 33961781,28514442,28183703,26186194
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:114250 	B3GALT2    		BioGRID		PMID: 26186194
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:116229 	B4GAT1     		BioGRID		PMID: 33961781
Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS)
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:115437 	BCAP31     		BioGRID		PMID: 37343697
Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:107102 	BGN        		BioGRID		PMID: 12070165
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:106827 	BIRC3      		BioGRID		PMID: 30948266
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:107189 	C5AR1      		BioGRID		PMID: 33961781
Affinity Capture-Western; Co-fractionation
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:107250 	CALCR      		BioGRID		PMID: 12397072
Affinity Capture-RNA; Affinity Capture-Western
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:107262 	CALR       		BioGRID		PMID: 10513896,9694898
Affinity Capture-Western
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:107271 	CANX       		BioGRID		PMID: 14498830,9765244
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:123838 	CCDC8      		BioGRID		PMID: 31343991
Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:107386 	CD36       		BioGRID		PMID: 25555908
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:122740 	CERS4      		BioGRID		PMID: 33961781
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:114916 	CIR1       		BioGRID		PMID: 33961781
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:116290 	CIT        		BioGRID		PMID: 31586073
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:119366 	CKLF       		BioGRID		PMID: 28514442
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:107789 	CRKL       		BioGRID		PMID: 26496610
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:107894 	CTSL       		BioGRID		PMID: 34709727
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:114030 	CUL3       		BioGRID		PMID: 37788672
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:115159 	CUL7       		BioGRID		PMID: 31343991
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:108071 	CYB5R3     		BioGRID		PMID: 33961781
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:228946 	Chmp6      		BioGRID		PMID: 26496610
Affinity Capture-Western
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:122559 	DERL1      		BioGRID		PMID: 22238364,19164805
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:108064 	DHCR24     		BioGRID		PMID: 33961781
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:108137 	DPP4       		BioGRID		PMID: 34709727
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:4263556	E5         		BioGRID		PMID: 22810586
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:3509160	E5a        		BioGRID		PMID: 22810586
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:108276 	EGFR       		BioGRID		PMID: 28065597,24189400
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:123637 	ELOVL3     		BioGRID		PMID: 33961781
Proximity Label-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:114810 	FADS2      		BioGRID		PMID: 30021884
Affinity Capture-MS; Affinity Capture-Western
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:116806 	FAF2       		BioGRID		PMID: 26186194,22238364
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:108474 	FANCD2     		BioGRID		PMID: 31180492
Proximity Label-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:108609 	FLT1       		BioGRID		PMID: 35384245
Proximity Label-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:108610 	FLT3       		BioGRID		PMID: 35384245
Proximity Label-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:108597 	FOXO1      		BioGRID		PMID: 36964488
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:108964 	GJA1       		BioGRID		PMID: 35391932
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:125148 	GNG8       		BioGRID		PMID: 33961781
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:126087 	GOLT1A     		BioGRID		PMID: 33961781
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:119931 	GPR173     		BioGRID		PMID: 33961781
Proximity Label-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:109501 	HRAS       		BioGRID		PMID: 30639242
Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:109552 	HSP90AA1   		BioGRID		PMID: 31273033
Affinity Capture-RNA; Affinity Capture-Western; Co-fractionation
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:113036 	HSP90B1    		BioGRID		PMID: 12397072,9694898
Affinity Capture-Western
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:109541 	HSPA5      		BioGRID		PMID: 19164805
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:114091 	IFITM1     		BioGRID		PMID: 34709727
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:132416 	IFITM5     		BioGRID		PMID: 33961781
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:115418 	KIF20A     		BioGRID		PMID: 31586073
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:111636 	KLK10      		BioGRID		PMID: 33961781
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:128307 	KRTCAP2    		BioGRID		PMID: 33961781
Proximity Label-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:110141 	LDLR       		BioGRID		PMID: 39499777
Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:110178 	LIPC       		BioGRID		PMID: 9685400
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:114893 	LITAF      		BioGRID		PMID: 33961781,28514442
Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:110219 	LRP6       		BioGRID		PMID: 18948618
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:4383846	M          		BioGRID		PMID: 34709727
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:113606 	MALL       		BioGRID		PMID: 33961781
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:110317 	MATN2      		BioGRID		PMID: 33961781
Biochemical Activity
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:110358 	MDM2       		BioGRID		PMID: 35524581
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:127170 	MFSD4A     		BioGRID		PMID: 28514442
Affinity Capture-Western; Co-localization
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:110409 	MIA2       		BioGRID		PMID: 27138255
Affinity Capture-Western; Co-localization
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:131952 	MIA3       		BioGRID		PMID: 27138255
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:110437 	MLF1       		BioGRID		PMID: 26186194
Affinity Capture-Western; Two-hybrid
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:110641 	MTTP       		BioGRID		PMID: 26224785,9915855
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:110694 	MYC        		BioGRID		PMID: 35013218
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:110698 	MYCN       		BioGRID		PMID: 35013218
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:110712 	MYH9       		BioGRID		PMID: 26496610
Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS)
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:117715 	MYOF       		BioGRID		PMID: 37343697
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:136335 	MZT1       		BioGRID		PMID: 26496610
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:112663 	NEK4       		BioGRID		PMID: 25798074
Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS)
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:124855 	NEXN       		BioGRID		PMID: 37343697
Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS)
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:110904 	NONO       		BioGRID		PMID: 34349018
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:4383855	ORF1ab     		BioGRID		PMID: 33845483
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:122309 	P2RY12     		BioGRID		PMID: 28514442,26186194
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:115260 	P2RY14     		BioGRID		PMID: 26186194
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:111068 	P2RY2      		BioGRID		PMID: 33961781
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:111114 	PAX6       		BioGRID		PMID: 26496610
Affinity Capture-Western
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:30941  	PDI1       		BioGRID		PMID: 22190736
Affinity Capture-RNA; Affinity Capture-Western; Co-fractionation
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:114966 	PDIA4      		BioGRID		PMID: 12397072,9694898
Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS)
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:111251 	PGK1       		BioGRID		PMID: 37343697
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:119318 	PHF11      		BioGRID		PMID: 33961781
Affinity Capture-Western
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:106635 	PLIN2      		BioGRID		PMID: 22238364
Affinity Capture-Western; Co-fractionation
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:111475 	PPIB       		BioGRID		PMID: 12397072
Two-hybrid
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:115800 	PRDX4      		BioGRID		PMID: 21988832
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:111105 	PRKN       		BioGRID		PMID: 35509820,35256949
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:109512 	PRMT1      		BioGRID		PMID: 37554218
Co-fractionation
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:115508 	PSMD14     		BioGRID		PMID: 26344197
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:202049 	Pcna       		BioGRID		PMID: 26496610
Affinity Capture-MS; Affinity Capture-Western
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:111822 	RAD21      		BioGRID		PMID: 26496610,22145905
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:111831 	RAF1       		BioGRID		PMID: 36244648
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:116262 	RER1       		BioGRID		PMID: 33961781
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:123968 	RHBDD1     		BioGRID		PMID: 33961781
Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS)
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:112075 	RPL30      		BioGRID		PMID: 34349018
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:112100 	RPN2       		BioGRID		PMID: 33961781,28514442
Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS)
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:112108 	RPS6       		BioGRID		PMID: 39358380,34349018
Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS)
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:112197 	SAA2       		BioGRID		PMID: 37343697
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:115377 	SCAMP2     		BioGRID		PMID: 33961781
Affinity Capture-Western
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:31638  	SEC61      		BioGRID		PMID: 17823116
Affinity Capture-Western
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:118968 	SEC61A1    		BioGRID		PMID: 9565615
Affinity Capture-Western
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:116152 	SEC61B     		BioGRID		PMID: 9565615
Affinity Capture-Western
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:120934 	SELENOS    		BioGRID		PMID: 19164805
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:123863 	SLC10A7    		BioGRID		PMID: 33961781,28514442
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:112458 	SLC18A1    		BioGRID		PMID: 26186194
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:112459 	SLC18A2    		BioGRID		PMID: 33961781
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:112461 	SLC19A1    		BioGRID		PMID: 33961781
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:125322 	SLC22A9    		BioGRID		PMID: 28514442
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:112405 	SLC2A2     		BioGRID		PMID: 28514442
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:123982 	SLC37A3    		BioGRID		PMID: 33961781,28514442
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:126909 	SLC38A6    		BioGRID		PMID: 26186194
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:118823 	SLC43A3    		BioGRID		PMID: 33961781
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:114403 	SLC5A6     		BioGRID		PMID: 33961781
Two-hybrid
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:110263 	SMAD3      		BioGRID		PMID: 21988832
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:120692 	SMPD3      		BioGRID		PMID: 33961781,28514442
Proximity Label-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:112587 	SPTAN1     		BioGRID		PMID: 30021884
Affinity Capture-Western
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:31786  	SSA1       		BioGRID		PMID: 17823116
Affinity Capture-Western
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:36075  	SSE1       		BioGRID		PMID: 17823116
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:131953 	STUM       		BioGRID		PMID: 33961781
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:114592 	SYNGR1     		BioGRID		PMID: 33961781
Affinity Capture-Western
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:124085 	SYVN1      		BioGRID		PMID: 19164805
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:201092 	Stmn1      		BioGRID		PMID: 26496610
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:112732 	TACR1      		BioGRID		PMID: 33961781
Proximity Label-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:118878 	TBK1       		BioGRID		PMID: 37506885
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:124428 	TMEM128    		BioGRID		PMID: 33961781,28514442
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:121230 	TMEM167B   		BioGRID		PMID: 33961781
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:117357 	TMEM184B   		BioGRID		PMID: 33961781
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:128407 	TMEM192    		BioGRID		PMID: 33545068
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:118868 	TMEM208    		BioGRID		PMID: 33961781
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:136224 	TMEM41B    		BioGRID		PMID: 30352685,28514442,26186194
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:568613 	TMEM72     		BioGRID		PMID: 33961781
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:112967 	TMPO       		BioGRID		PMID: 28902428
Affinity Capture-MS; Proximity Label-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:126334 	TMPRSS11B  		BioGRID		PMID: 34709727
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:121163 	TMPRSS4    		BioGRID		PMID: 34709727
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:115602 	TNIP1      		BioGRID		PMID: 36574265
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:114452 	TOP3B      		BioGRID		PMID: 34709727
Reconstituted Complex
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:119925 	TREM2      		BioGRID		PMID: 27477018
Proximity Label-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:106868 	TRIM23     		BioGRID		PMID: 35844135
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:125596 	TRIM6      		BioGRID		PMID: 31992359
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:113900 	TRRAP      		BioGRID		PMID: 35906200
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:121973 	UBE2O      		BioGRID		PMID: 36273042
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:127156 	UBE2U      		BioGRID		PMID: 33961781
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:119509 	UCHL5      		BioGRID		PMID: 21800051
Affinity Capture-Western
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:113258 	VCP        		BioGRID		PMID: 28183703,19164805,18550891
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:122463 	YIPF2      		BioGRID		PMID: 26186194
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:117370 	YIPF3      		BioGRID		PMID: 33961781,28514442
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:122935 	ZDHHC11    		BioGRID		PMID: 33961781,28514442
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:125623 	ZFYVE27    		BioGRID		PMID: 33961781,28514442
Affinity Capture-MS
BioGRID:106835 	BioGRID:4383888	orf1ab     		BioGRID		PMID: 34186245

GENERAL GENE INFO
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Marker
	RH68973              	(e-PCR)	Links:UniSTS:67077
	APOB_711             	(e-PCR)	Links:UniSTS:276999
	RH80663              	(e-PCR)	Links:UniSTS:89102
	RH70400              	(e-PCR)	Links:UniSTS:72471
	RH68521              	(e-PCR)	Links:UniSTS:21794
	SHGC-34591           	(e-PCR)	Links:UniSTS:56355
	SHGC-33615           	(e-PCR)	Links:UniSTS:51496
	APOB                 	(e-PCR), detects polymorphism	Links:UniSTS:266032
	GDB:185253           	(e-PCR)	Links:UniSTS:155441
	GDB:185254           	(e-PCR)	Links:UniSTS:155442
	SGC34589             	(e-PCR)	Links:UniSTS:45106
	GDB:185282           	(e-PCR)	Links:UniSTS:155444
	GDB:185295           	(e-PCR)	Links:UniSTS:155445
	D2S2580              	(e-PCR)	Links:UniSTS:58171
	RH45452              	(e-PCR)	Links:UniSTS:62271
	GDB:181235           	(e-PCR)	Links:UniSTS:155203
	GDB:193044           	(e-PCR)	Links:UniSTS:155738
	SHGC-56579           	(e-PCR)	Links:UniSTS:45150
	GDB:178354           	(e-PCR)	Links:UniSTS:154987
	D2S2589              	(e-PCR)	Links:UniSTS:68980
	SHGC-33670           	(e-PCR)	Links:UniSTS:55948
	RH69077              	(e-PCR)	Links:UniSTS:69261
	G44341               	(e-PCR)	Links:UniSTS:95128
	GDB:171933           	(e-PCR)	Links:UniSTS:154779
	GDB:681390           	(e-PCR)	Links:UniSTS:158620
	RH70147              	(e-PCR)	Links:UniSTS:14246
	GDB:179436           	(e-PCR)	Links:UniSTS:155047
	GDB:177076           	(e-PCR)	Links:UniSTS:154826
	GDB:177093           	(e-PCR)	Links:UniSTS:154830
	RH69778              	(e-PCR)	Links:UniSTS:64981
	GDB:177207           	(e-PCR)	Links:UniSTS:154838
	GDB:182191           	(e-PCR)	Links:UniSTS:155360
	GDB:182192           	(e-PCR)	Links:UniSTS:155361
	GDB:631915           	(e-PCR)	Links:UniSTS:158444


Homology
	Orthologs from Annotation Pipeline (/gene/?Term=ortholog_gene_338[group]): 
	Orthologs

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA (www.ebi.ac.uk/GOA)

Function				      GO ID		Evidence
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
enables cholesterol transfer activity         GO:0000000	-
enables cholesterol transfer activity         GO:0000000	PMID: 15797858
enables heparin binding                       GO:0000000	PMID: 16233946
enables lipase binding                        GO:0000000	PMID: 9685400
enables low-density lipoprotein particle...   GO:0000000	-
enables low-density lipoprotein particle...   GO:0000000	PMID: 2563166,15797858
enables low-density lipoprotein particle...   GO:0000000	PMID: 27477018
enables phospholipid binding                  GO:0000000	PMID: 7126555
enables protein binding                       GO:0000000	PMID: 8245722,16203724,21911577,22580899,24447298,25108285,26224785,27138255,27487388
enables receptor ligand activity              GO:0000000	PMID: 27477018

Processs				      GO ID		Evidence
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
involved_in artery morphogenesis              GO:0000000	-
involved_in cellular response to lipopro...   GO:0000000	PMID: 27477018
involved_in cholesterol efflux                GO:0000000	-
involved_in cholesterol homeostasis           GO:0000000	-
involved_in cholesterol homeostasis           GO:0000000	PMID: 2563166
involved_in cholesterol metabolic proces...   GO:0000000	PMID: 2563166
involved_in cholesterol transport             GO:0000000	-
involved_in cholesterol transport             GO:0000000	PMID: 2563166
involved_in establishment of localizatio...   GO:0000000	-
involved_in fertilization                     GO:0000000	-
involved_in flagellated sperm motility        GO:0000000	-
involved_in in utero embryonic developme...   GO:0000000	-
involved_in lipoprotein biosynthetic pro...   GO:0000000	-
involved_in lipoprotein catabolic proces...   GO:0000000	-
involved_in lipoprotein transport             GO:0000000	-
involved_in low-density lipoprotein part...   GO:0000000	PMID: 2563166,15797858
involved_in low-density lipoprotein part...   GO:0000000	PMID: 15797858
involved_in nervous system development        GO:0000000	-
involved_in positive regulation of chole...   GO:0000000	PMID: 19114110
involved_in positive regulation of gene ...   GO:0000000	-
involved_in positive regulation of lipid...   GO:0000000	PMID: 18322245
involved_in positive regulation of macro...   GO:0000000	PMID: 17244792,18322245,19114110
involved_in post-embryonic development        GO:0000000	-
involved_in regulation of cholesterol bi...   GO:0000000	-
involved_in response to virus                 GO:0000000	PMID: 16548883
involved_in signal transduction               GO:0000000	-
involved_in spermatogenesis                   GO:0000000	-
involved_in triglyceride catabolic proce...   GO:0000000	-
involved_in triglyceride mobilization         GO:0000000	-
involved_in very-low-density lipoprotein...   GO:0000000	PMID: 15308631

Component				      GO ID		Evidence
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
part_of chylomicron                           GO:0000000	PMID: 4363408,8245722
part_of chylomicron remnant                   GO:0000000	PMID: 6099394
located_in clathrin-coated endocytic ves...   GO:0000000	-
located_in cytoplasm                          GO:0000000	PMID: 22580899
located_in cytosol                            GO:0000000	-
located_in cytosol                            GO:0000000	-
located_in early endosome                     GO:0000000	-
located_in endocytic vesicle lumen            GO:0000000	-
located_in endoplasmic reticulum exit si...   GO:0000000	PMID: 27138255
located_in endoplasmic reticulum lumen        GO:0000000	-
located_in endoplasmic reticulum membran...   GO:0000000	-
located_in endosome lumen                     GO:0000000	-
located_in endosome membrane                  GO:0000000	-
located_in extracellular exosome              GO:0000000	PMID: 23533145
located_in extracellular region               GO:0000000	PMID: 27068509
located_in extracellular region               GO:0000000	-
is_active_in extracellular space              GO:0000000	PMID: 26224785
located_in extracellular space                GO:0000000	PMID: 22261194
part_of intermediate-density lipoprotein...   GO:0000000	PMID: 1917954
located_in intracellular membrane-bounde...   GO:0000000	-
located_in lipid droplet                      GO:0000000	-
part_of low-density lipoprotein particle      GO:0000000	-
part_of low-density lipoprotein particle      GO:0000000	PMID: 4363408
part_of low-density lipoprotein particle      GO:0000000	PMID: 27477018
located_in lysosomal lumen                    GO:0000000	-
part_of mature chylomicron                    GO:0000000	-
part_of mature chylomicron                    GO:0000000	PMID: 4363408
located_in neuronal cell body                 GO:0000000	PMID: 22897442
located_in plasma membrane                    GO:0000000	-
located_in smooth endoplasmic reticulum       GO:0000000	-
part_of very-low-density lipoprotein par...   GO:0000000	-
part_of very-low-density lipoprotein par...   GO:0000000	PMID: 4363408,15308631
part_of very-low-density lipoprotein par...   GO:0000000	PMID: 27477018

GENERAL PROTEIN INFORMATION
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Preferred Names
	apolipoprotein B-100
Names
	apolipoprotein B (including Ag(x) antigen)
	apolipoprotein B48

NCBI REFERENCE SEQUENCES (RefSeq)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds.
These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, 
so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. 
Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to 
the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products section above.

	Genomic
		NG_011793.2 RefSeqGene
		Range   	4999..47643
		Download	GenBank FASTA Sequence Viewer (Graphics) 



	mRNA and Protein(s) 

	NM_000384.3 → NP_000375.3  REVIEWEDapolipoprotein B-100 precursor
	Source sequence(s): AC010872, AC115619, KF456638 
	  Consensus CDS: CCDS1703.1
	  UniProtKB/TrEMBL: A0AAG2UUW0
	  UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: O00502
	  UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: P04114
	  UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: P78479
	  UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: P78480
	  UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: P78481
	  UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: Q13779
	  UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: Q13785
	  UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: Q13786
	  UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: Q13787
	  UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: Q13788
	  UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: Q4ZG63
	  UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: Q53QC8
	  UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: Q7Z600
	  UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: Q9UMN0

	Related Ensembl: ENSP00000233242.1, ENST00000233242.5
	  Conserved Domains (7)summary
		TIGR01612: 
		Location:2060 - 2490
		235kDa-fam; reticulocyte binding/rhoptry protein
		COG1340: 
		Location:4258 - 4523
		COG1340; Uncharacterized coiled-coil protein, contains DUF342 domain [Function unknown]
		pfam01347: 
		Location:46 - 597
		Vitellogenin_N; Lipoprotein amino terminal region
		pfam12491: 
		Location:4494 - 4550
		ApoB100_C; Apolipoprotein B100 C terminal
		pfam06448: 
		Location:961 - 1062
		DUF1081; Domain of Unknown Function (DUF1081)
		pfam09172: 
		Location:632 - 937
		DUF1943; Domain of unknown function (DUF1943)
		cl21487: 
		Location:1448 - 1865
		OM_channels; Porin superfamily. These outer membrane channels share a beta-barrel structure that dif...

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08
The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. 
This section includes genomic Reference Sequences (RefSeqs) from all assemblies on which 
this gene is annotated, such as RefSeqs for chromosomes and scaffolds (contigs) from both 
reference and alternate assemblies. Model RNAs and proteins are also reported here.

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

	Genomic
		NC_000002.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly
		Range   	21001428..21044072, complement
		Download	GenBank FASTA Sequence Viewer (Graphics) 

Reference GRCh38.p14 PATCHES

	Genomic
		NW_025791767.1 Reference GRCh38.p14 PATCHES
		Range   	52096..94740, complement
		Download	GenBank FASTA Sequence Viewer (Graphics) 

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

	Genomic
		NC_060926.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0
		Range   	21034647..21077292, complement
		Download	GenBank FASTA Sequence Viewer (Graphics) 



RELATED SEQUENCES
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Nucleotide			Protein
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
genomic             		ABBA01045079.1(35026..35027)	None
genomic             		AC010872.8	AAX88848.1
genomic             		AC115619.3	AAX93246.1
genomic             		AH003569.2	AAB00481.1
genomic             		AY324608.1	AAP72970.1
genomic             		CH471053.2	EAX00801.1
				EAX00802
				EAX00803
genomic             		CP068276.2(21034648..21077293)	None
genomic             		FJ525873.1	ACN81311.1
genomic             		HF583484.1	CCQ42981.1
genomic             		HQ190918.1	ADM85890.1
genomic             		HQ190919.1	ADM85891.1
genomic             		HQ190920.1	ADM85892.1
genomic             		HQ190921.1	ADM85893.1
genomic             		J04838.1	AAA53373.1
				AAA53374
genomic             		KC818416.1	AGQ46318.1
genomic             		KC818417.1	AGQ46319.1
genomic             		KC818418.1	AGQ46320.1
genomic             		KF456638.1	None
genomic             		M15053.1	AAB60718.1
genomic             		OR243273.1	None
genomic             		S73194.1	AAB31094.1
genomic             		S73195.1	AAB31095.2
genomic             		X04867.1	CAA28558.1
genomic             		X04868.1	CAA28559.1
genomic             		X04869.1	CAA28560.1
genomic             		X04870.1	CAA28561.1
mRNA                		AB208846.1	BAD92083.1
mRNA                		AJ399514.1	None
mRNA                		AK290844.1	BAF83533.1
mRNA                		BC051278.1	AAH51278.1
mRNA                		HM487065.1	ADN03360.1
mRNA                		J02610.1	AAA35549.1
mRNA                		K03175.1	AAA51759.1
mRNA                		M10374.1	AAA51750.1
mRNA                		M12413.1	AAA51742.1
mRNA                		M12480.1	AAA51751.1
mRNA                		M12681.1	AAA51753.1
mRNA                		M14081.1	AAA51752.1
mRNA                		M14162.1	AAB04636.1
mRNA                		M15421.1	AAA51758.1
mRNA                		M17367.1	AAA51741.1
mRNA                		M17779.1	AAA51755.1
mRNA                		M18036.1	AAA51754.1
mRNA                		M18471.1	AAA35541.1
mRNA                		M19734.1	AAA35544.1
mRNA                		M31030.1	AAA51756.1
mRNA                		M36676.1	AAA35548.1
mRNA                		X03045.1	CAA26850.1
mRNA                		X03324.1	CAA27043.1
mRNA                		X03325.1	CAA27044.1
mRNA                		X03326.1	CAA27045.1
mRNA                		X04506.1	CAA28191.1
mRNA                		X04714.1	CAA28420.1

Protein Accession		Links
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
P04114.3       	GenPept(/protein/2664703076)		UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P04114

GENE LINKOUT
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The following LinkOut(www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/linkout/index.html) resources
are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for
maintaining the links.

Chemical Information
  (Free resource) (free) Interologous Interaction Database
	Interologous Interaction Database
  (Order form) MilliporeSigma
	APOB productsAPOB products

Medical
  (Free resource) (free) MedlinePlus Health Information
	APOB geneAPOB gene

Molecular Biology Databases
  (Free resource) (free) Bgee database
	APOB gene expressionAPOB gene expression
  (Free resource) (free) BioGPS
	BioGPS
  (Free resource) (free) BioGRID Open Repository of CRISPR Screens (ORCS)
	BioGRID CRISPR Screen Phenotypes (16 hits/1358 screens)BioGRID CRISPR Screen Phenotypes (16 hits/1358 screens)
  (Free resource) (free) Eukaryotic Promoter Database
	APOB_1APOB_1
  (Free resource) (free) GlyGen glycoinformatics resource
	GlyGen glycoinformatics resource
  (Free resource) (Free registration required) (free) Human Gene Mutation Database
	Human Gene Mutation Database
  (Free resource) (free) Human eFP Browser
	Human eFP BrowserHuman eFP BrowserHuman eFP Browser
  Ingenuity Pathways Analysis
	Ingenuity Pathways Analysis
  (Free resource) (free) InnateDB
	InnateDB
  (Free resource) (free) InterMine
	InterMine
  (Free resource) (free) Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
	Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
  (Free resource) (free) LSDB from Gene
	APOB databaseAPOB database
  (Free resource) (free) OMA Browser: Orthologous MAtrix
	OMA Browser: Orthologous MAtrix
  (Free resource) (free) OrthoDB catalog of orthologs
	OrthologsOrthologs
  (Free resource) (free) Pharmacogenomics Knowledge Base
	Annotated Pharmacogenomic Information for APOB [PharmGKB]Annotated Pharmacogenomic Information for APOB [PharmGKB]
  (Free resource) (free) PhosphoSitePlus
	PhosphoSitePlus® - comprehensive post-translational modification resourcePhosphoSitePlus® - comprehensive post-translational modification resource
  (Free resource) (free) The Gene Wiki
	The Gene Wiki
  (Free resource) (free) The Weizmann Institute of Science GeneCards and MalaCards databases
	GeneCard for APOBGeneCard for APOB

Research Materials
  (Order form) Addgene Non-profit plasmid repository
	Get Plasmids - AddgeneGet Plasmids - Addgene
  (Order form) Bio-Techne
	Apolipoprotein B/ApoB AntibodiesApolipoprotein B/ApoB AntibodiesApolipoprotein B100/ApoB100 AntibodiesApolipoprotein B100/ApoB100 AntibodiesApolipoprotein B/ApoB ELISA KitsApolipoprotein B/ApoB ELISA Kits
  ExactAntigen/Labome
	reagent reviewreagent reviewreagentsreagents
  (Order form) GenScript latest version of gene cDNA ORF Clone
	GenScript latest version of gene cDNA ORF Clone
  (Order form) GeneCopoeia Inc.
	Order TALEN/CRISPR clonesOrder TALEN/CRISPR clonesOrder full-length ORF cloneOrder full-length ORF cloneOrder promoter cloneOrder promoter clone
  (Order form) GeneTex Inc
	Find Quality AntibodiesFind Quality Antibodies
  (Order form) Kazusa DNA Research Institute
	Kazusa DNA Research Institute
  (Order form) OriGene
	Order APOB cDNA clone/Protein/Antibody/RNAiOrder APOB cDNA clone/Protein/Antibody/RNAi

Tools
  (Free resource) (free) GeneMANIA
	GeneMANIA