PMID- 10073443
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19990623
LR  - 20190721
IS  - 0105-1873 (Print)
IS  - 0105-1873 (Linking)
VI  - 40
IP  - 3
DP  - 1999 Mar
TI  - Skin sensitization risk assessment: a comparative evaluation of 3 isothiazolinone 
      biocides.
PG  - 150-4
AB  - Many of the chemicals in common use possess, to some degree, a capacity to cause 
      skin sensitization. Consequently, it is important to conduct a thorough and 
      accurate risk assessment when it can be anticipated that such chemicals are 
      likely to come into contact with human skin. Such risk assessments must consider 
      the nature and extent of dermal exposure together with the sensitizing potency of 
      the chemical. Whilst the exposure elements of the risk assessment process are 
      often well understood, or can at least be reasonably predicted on the basis of 
      the proposed usage of the chemical, the determination of skin sensitizing potency 
      may be problematic. In this paper, we describe an approach to the determination 
      of relative potency of 3 isothiazolinone biocides. Initially, the local lymph 
      node assay (LLNA) provides an estimate of relative sensitizing potency. Where 
      appropriate, this can be followed by confirmatory testing in the human repeat 
      insult patch test (HRIPT). The data generated reveal that (chloro)methyl 
      isothiazolinone (CMI) is a significantly stronger sensitizer than either methyl 
      trimethylene isothiazolinone (MTI) or benzisothiazolinone (BIT). Furthermore, 
      both the LLNA and the HRIPT data show consistently that BIT is a somewhat weaker 
      skin sensitizer than MTI. As an important additional component of the safety 
      evaluation, the ability of these sensitizing isothiazolinones to cross-react has 
      been considered; the data indicate that the more weakly sensitizing 
      isothiazolinones do not elicit allergic reactions in subjects sensitized to MCI. 
      The implications for use of these biocides in various product types are 
      discussed.
FAU - Basketter, D A
AU  - Basketter DA
AD  - Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, UK.
FAU - Rodford, R
AU  - Rodford R
FAU - Kimber, I
AU  - Kimber I
FAU - Smith, I
AU  - Smith I
FAU - Wahlberg, J E
AU  - Wahlberg JE
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Contact Dermatitis
JT  - Contact dermatitis
JID - 7604950
RN  - 0 (Alkylating Agents)
RN  - 0 (Allergens)
RN  - 0 (Thiazoles)
RN  - 55965-84-9 (Kathon 886)
RN  - H857315VPU (2-methyl-4,5-trimethylene-4-isothiazolin-3-one)
RN  - HRA0F1A4R3 (1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Alkylating Agents/*adverse effects
MH  - Allergens/*adverse effects
MH  - Cross Reactions
MH  - Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/*diagnosis/etiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Lymph Nodes/metabolism
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Patch Tests
MH  - Reference Values
MH  - Risk Assessment
MH  - Thiazoles/*adverse effects
EDAT- 1999/03/12 00:00
MHDA- 1999/03/12 00:01
CRDT- 1999/03/12 00:00
PHST- 1999/03/12 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1999/03/12 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1999/03/12 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1999.tb06013.x [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Contact Dermatitis. 1999 Mar;40(3):150-4. doi: 
      10.1111/j.1600-0536.1999.tb06013.x.