PMID- 10097784
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19990706
LR  - 20190921
IS  - 1046-7408 (Print)
IS  - 1046-7408 (Linking)
VI  - 41
IP  - 1
DP  - 1999 Jan
TI  - Mechanisms of action of major-histocompatibility-complex-linked genes affecting 
      reproduction.
PG  - 23-33
AB  - PROBLEM: To provide insight into the mechanisms of action of the 
      major-histocompatibility-complex (MHC)-linked genes affecting reproduction. 
      METHOD OF STUDY: The data were obtained using a variety of cellular and molecular 
      techniques in experimental animals and from population genetic studies in humans. 
      RESULTS: In the mouse, the preimplantation embryonic development (Ped) locus, 
      whose functional gene is Q9, regulates fast and slow cleavage of the early 
      embryo. There is also evidence for a growth and reproduction complex (Grc)-like 
      region from serologic, molecular, and cytogenetic studies. In the human, the 
      human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G gene has been associated with an increased rate 
      of embryonic cleavage in those embryos that express the HLA-G antigen. Sharing of 
      HLA antigens in couples has been associated with recurrent spontaneous abortions, 
      gestational trophoblastic tumors, and unexplained infertility. Detailed mapping 
      studies showed that the genes responsible are not the HLA genes themselves, but 
      genes closely linked to the HLA-DR-DQ-B genes. The HLA region genes can interact 
      epistatically with the C3 allele of transferrin to increase the incidence of 
      fetal loss. In the rat, the Grc region, which is closely linked to the MHC, has 
      been associated with embryonic loss, growth defects, and susceptibility to 
      chemical carcinogens. The Grc can interact epistatically with the tail anomaly 
      lethal (Tal) gene or the hood restriction (Hre) gene to enhance these effects. 
      CONCLUSIONS: There are two basic mechanisms for the effects of MHC-linked genes 
      on reproduction and development: individual gene effects (Ped [Q9], HLA-G) and 
      extended genetic effects (MHC-linked genes in the rat [Grc] and in the human). 
      The nature of these genetic effects, particularly the MHC-linked effects, can 
      also provide some insight into the different theories of human origins: These 
      effects are most consistent with the monogenic theory.
FAU - Gill, T J 3rd
AU  - Gill TJ 3rd
AD  - Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, PA, USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - HD 08662/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
GR  - HD-09880/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PL  - Denmark
TA  - Am J Reprod Immunol
JT  - American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989)
JID - 8912860
RN  - 0 (HLA Antigens)
RN  - 0 (HLA-G Antigens)
RN  - 0 (Histocompatibility Antigens Class I)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Chromosome Mapping
MH  - *Embryonic and Fetal Development
MH  - Genetic Linkage
MH  - HLA Antigens/genetics
MH  - HLA-G Antigens
MH  - Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics
MH  - Humans
MH  - Major Histocompatibility Complex/*genetics/immunology
MH  - Mice
MH  - Neoplasms/genetics/immunology
MH  - Rats
MH  - Reproduction/*genetics/*immunology
EDAT- 1999/03/31 03:04
MHDA- 2001/03/28 10:01
CRDT- 1999/03/31 03:04
PHST- 1999/03/31 03:04 [pubmed]
PHST- 2001/03/28 10:01 [medline]
PHST- 1999/03/31 03:04 [entrez]
AID - 10.1111/j.1600-0897.1999.tb00072.x [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Am J Reprod Immunol. 1999 Jan;41(1):23-33. doi: 
      10.1111/j.1600-0897.1999.tb00072.x.