PMID- 10192858
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19990526
LR  - 20190726
IS  - 0147-8389 (Print)
IS  - 0147-8389 (Linking)
VI  - 22
IP  - 3
DP  - 1999 Mar
TI  - A gastroesophageal electrode for electrophysiological studies.
PG  - 487-99
AB  - A novel gastroesophageal electrode has been developed capable of atrial and 
      ventricular pacing. We performed electrophysiological studies using the 
      gastroesophageal electrode (Esothoracic) and compared the results with the 
      standard endocardial approach. The flexible polythene gastroesophageal electrode 
      was passed into the stomach under light sedation. Five ring electrodes, now 
      positioned in the lower esophagus were used for bipolar atrial pacing and 
      recording. Ventricular pacing was performed using a cathodic point source on the 
      gastroesophageal electrode tip; the indifferent electrode (anode) was a high 
      impedance chest pad. Parameters of sinus and AV nodal function were obtained by 
      atrial pacing. Programmed ventricular stimulation was performed using a standard 
      protocol. These electrophysiological parameters were subsequently determined 
      using the endocardial approach. There was close correlation between measurements 
      of sinus and AV node function using the two approaches in 48 subjects: sinus node 
      recovery time (SNRT) r2 = 0.70, corrected sinus node recovery time (CSNRT) r2 = 
      0.87, AV Wenckebach cycle length (AVWCL) r2 = 0.97. The degree of agreement 
      between the two approaches was estimated by the mean difference delta and 
      standard deviation of the difference sigma (SNRT delta = 40 ms, sigma = 257 ms; 
      CSNRT sigma = 14 ms, delta = 164 ms; AVWCL sigma = 7 ms, delta = 16 ms). 
      Programmed ventricular stimulation was performed in 15 of 48 subjects with known 
      or suspected ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Seven had ventricular tachycardia 
      induced using both esothoracic and endocardial programmed ventricular 
      stimulation. One subject was noninducible using esothoracic programmed 
      ventricular stimulation, but inducible at endocardial electrophysiological 
      studies. Another subject was inducible at esothoracic electrophysiological 
      studies, but noninducible using endocardial programmed ventricular stimulation. 
      Six subjects were noninducible using both endocardial and esothoracic programmed 
      ventricular stimulation. The gastroesophageal electrode permits reliable atrial 
      and ventricular pacing without transvenous catheterization or fluoroscopy. 
      Electrophysiological parameters determined using this electrode are similar to 
      those obtained using endocardial stimulation.
FAU - McEneaney, D J
AU  - McEneaney DJ
AD  - Regional Medical Cardiology Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast.
FAU - Escalona, O
AU  - Escalona O
FAU - Anderson, J A
AU  - Anderson JA
FAU - Adgey, A A
AU  - Adgey AA
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Pacing Clin Electrophysiol
JT  - Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE
JID - 7803944
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Atrioventricular Node/physiopathology
MH  - Cardiac Pacing, Artificial/*methods
MH  - Electrocardiography
MH  - *Electrodes
MH  - Electrophysiology
MH  - *Esophagus
MH  - Female
MH  - Heart Conduction System/physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Sinoatrial Node/physiopathology
MH  - *Stomach
MH  - Tachycardia, Ventricular/physiopathology/therapy
EDAT- 1999/04/08 00:00
MHDA- 1999/04/08 00:01
CRDT- 1999/04/08 00:00
PHST- 1999/04/08 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1999/04/08 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1999/04/08 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1111/j.1540-8159.1999.tb00477.x [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1999 Mar;22(3):487-99. doi: 
      10.1111/j.1540-8159.1999.tb00477.x.