PMID- 10333935
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19990709
LR  - 20190515
IS  - 0149-5992 (Print)
IS  - 0149-5992 (Linking)
VI  - 22
IP  - 2
DP  - 1999 Feb
TI  - Risk and protective factors associated with screening for complications of 
      diabetes in a health maintenance organization setting.
PG  - 208-12
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To identify risk and protective factors associated with screening for 
      complications of diabetes, we performed a cross-sectional study of 3,612 diabetic 
      members enrolled in CaliforniaCare, a large network-model health maintenance 
      organization (HMO). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We used the Health Plan and 
      Employer Data Information Set (HEDIS) 3.0 technical definition to identify all 
      members (aged > or = 31 years) receiving any diabetes medication(s) during a 
      12-month period. Using a telephone survey instrument, identified members were 
      interviewed about their diabetes care and screening, patient, and provider 
      history. Survey data were supplemented with HMO claims and demographic 
      information. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify demographic, 
      clinical, and utilization characteristics that affect the odds of diabetic 
      members receiving annual retinal examination, foot examination, and HbA1c 
      testing. RESULTS: While results varied by screening category, the odds of 
      obtaining screening were higher for diabetic members who were older, spoke 
      English, received diabetes nutrition counseling, visited a diabetes specialist 
      physician, belonged to a diabetes association or support group, used insulin, 
      performed glycemic level self-examination at least once a day, and had higher 
      overall prescription drug use (suggesting higher comorbidity). Since this study 
      is a cross-sectional review, these results do not imply a cause-and-effect 
      relationship between dependent and independent variables. CONCLUSIONS: Results of 
      this study suggest barriers, risks, and protective factors associated with 
      screening for complications of diabetes. Diabetic members who do not possess 
      these characteristics may be at increased risk.
FAU - Simon, L P
AU  - Simon LP
AD  - Blue Cross of California, Woodland Hills 91367, USA.
FAU - Albright, A
AU  - Albright A
FAU - Belman, M J
AU  - Belman MJ
FAU - Tom, E
AU  - Tom E
FAU - Rideout, J A
AU  - Rideout JA
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Diabetes Care
JT  - Diabetes care
JID - 7805975
RN  - 0 (Blood Glucose)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Blood Glucose/metabolism
MH  - California
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - *Diabetes Complications
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus/*therapy
MH  - Female
MH  - *Health Maintenance Organizations
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Mass Screening
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Multivariate Analysis
MH  - Odds Ratio
MH  - Patient Education as Topic
MH  - Risk Factors
EDAT- 1999/05/20 00:00
MHDA- 1999/05/20 00:01
CRDT- 1999/05/20 00:00
PHST- 1999/05/20 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1999/05/20 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1999/05/20 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.2337/diacare.22.2.208 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Diabetes Care. 1999 Feb;22(2):208-12. doi: 10.2337/diacare.22.2.208.