PMID- 10336014
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19990713
LR  - 20190513
IS  - 1355-4786 (Print)
IS  - 1355-4786 (Linking)
VI  - 5
IP  - 2
DP  - 1999 Mar-Apr
TI  - Influence of human leukocyte antigen and tumour necrosis factor genes on the 
      development of pre-eclampsia.
PG  - 94-102
AB  - Pre-eclampsia is a syndrome with a strong familial component. Autosomal recessive 
      inheritance acting only in the mother is not consistent with the epidemiological 
      data, and a more complex genetic susceptibility, involving interactions between 
      maternal and fetal genomes, seems likely. The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) 
      system has been implicated, but many of the findings reported have been 
      inconsistent or contradictory. Pre-eclampsia is unlikely to be the simple result 
      of excessive HLA-class II antigen sharing between mother and fetus, as was first 
      thought, but a more complex mechanism involving feto-maternal compatibility 
      cannot be excluded. The reported increase in HLA-DR4 in mothers and babies from 
      pre-eclamptic pregnancies has not been independently confirmed for mothers, and 
      no further studies have been conducted with babies. Consequently, the allegedly 
      stronger relationship with HLA-DR4 sharing between mother and fetus has neither 
      been confirmed nor refuted. Certain (B44-DR7)-containing haplotypes appear to 
      confer increased risk for pre-eclampsia on the basis of independent analyses of 
      American and Scottish populations. HLA-DR53 may be associated with the 
      antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, which is itself a strong risk factor for 
      pre-eclampsia. The tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha allele, TNF1, may be 
      associated with pre-eclampsia and certainly elevated concentrations of the 
      cytokine appear to be a feature of the disease. The inducibility of TNF-alpha is 
      HLA-class II-dependent, and the relevance of HLA-class II genes might be entirely 
      in relation to TNF-alpha synthesis and secretion.
FAU - Kilpatrick, D C
AU  - Kilpatrick DC
AD  - Academic Unit, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - England
TA  - Hum Reprod Update
JT  - Human reproduction update
JID - 9507614
RN  - 0 (HLA Antigens)
RN  - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antiphospholipid Syndrome/immunology
MH  - Female
MH  - Fetus/immunology
MH  - *Gene Expression Regulation
MH  - HLA Antigens/*genetics/immunology
MH  - Haplotypes
MH  - Humans
MH  - Major Histocompatibility Complex/genetics/immunology
MH  - Male
MH  - Pre-Eclampsia/*genetics/immunology
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/*genetics/immunology
RF  - 98
EDAT- 1999/05/21 00:00
MHDA- 1999/05/21 00:01
CRDT- 1999/05/21 00:00
PHST- 1999/05/21 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1999/05/21 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1999/05/21 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1093/humupd/5.2.94 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Hum Reprod Update. 1999 Mar-Apr;5(2):94-102. doi: 10.1093/humupd/5.2.94.