PMID- 10336220
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19990917
LR  - 20170214
IS  - 0004-8674 (Print)
IS  - 0004-8674 (Linking)
VI  - 33
IP  - 2
DP  - 1999 Apr
TI  - Gender differences in living skills and global assessment of functioning among 
      outpatients with schizophrenia.
PG  - 226-31
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The aims of this paper are to study skills in personal and domestic 
      activities, and their associations with Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) 
      scale scores among outpatients with schizophrenia, and to study the impact of 
      depressive mood on functional capacity in schizophrenia. METHOD: Three hundred 
      and two outpatients with DSM-III-R schizophrenia completed the 13-item Beck 
      Depression Inventory (BDI) and a questionnaire relating to their sociodemographic 
      characteristics, and living and working conditions. Staff members completed the 
      GAF scale and a questionnaire relating to the patient's medical history and 
      current treatment. This questionnaire also included the staff's assessments on 
      patient's skills in six personal or domestic activities (personal hygiene, 
      homemaking, management of financial affairs, shopping, decision-making, getting 
      about). RESULTS: Fifty-six percent of men and 33% of women (p < 0.001) with 
      schizophrenia did not have independent skills in at least one personal or 
      domestic activity but there was no difference in the mean GAF score between men 
      and women. In men, the GAF score was independently and positively associated with 
      all living skills studied and in women with homemaking, management of financial 
      affairs, and decision-making, respectively. The BDI scores were not independently 
      associated with functioning in personal and domestic activities except with 
      getting about in women. CONCLUSIONS: The GAF scale is a simple and time-saving 
      measure for assessing overall living skills among outpatients with schizophrenia. 
      However, assessments on the GAF scale may be biased towards poor functioning in 
      women. Moreover, psychosocial functioning and depression should be evaluated 
      separately.
FAU - Hintikka, J
AU  - Hintikka J
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland. 
      jukka.hintikka@kuh.fi
FAU - Saarinen, P
AU  - Saarinen P
FAU - Tanskanen, A
AU  - Tanskanen A
FAU - Koivumaa-Honkanen, H
AU  - Koivumaa-Honkanen H
FAU - Viinamaki, H
AU  - Viinamaki H
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Aust N Z J Psychiatry
JT  - The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry
JID - 0111052
SB  - IM
MH  - *Activities of Daily Living
MH  - Adult
MH  - Depressive Disorder/diagnosis
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
MH  - Retrospective Studies
MH  - *Schizophrenia/diagnosis
MH  - Schizophrenic Psychology
MH  - Sex Factors
MH  - *Social Adjustment
MH  - *Socialization
MH  - Surveys and Questionnaires
EDAT- 1999/05/21 00:00
MHDA- 1999/05/21 00:01
CRDT- 1999/05/21 00:00
PHST- 1999/05/21 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1999/05/21 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1999/05/21 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1046/j.1440-1614.1999.00538.x [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 1999 Apr;33(2):226-31. doi: 
      10.1046/j.1440-1614.1999.00538.x.