PMID- 10440483
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19991014
LR  - 20190921
IS  - 0892-0362 (Print)
IS  - 0892-0362 (Linking)
VI  - 21
IP  - 4
DP  - 1999 Jul-Aug
TI  - Gestational stage-specific effects of retinoic acid exposure in the rat.
PG  - 393-402
AB  - Although, or perhaps because, retinoids are among the earliest known behavioral 
      teratogens, there is still little agreement about the behavioral effects of 
      stage-specific exposure to these compounds. In these studies, pregnant albino 
      rats were gavaged once daily with retinoic acid (RA) for 3 consecutive 
      gestational days (GD), GD 8-10), GD 11-13, or GD 14-16. Dose levels were maximal 
      levels compatible with survival (10, 2.5, or 12.5 mg/kg RA, over GD 8-10, 11-13, 
      and 14-16, respectively). Two studies were conducted. The first assessed the 
      effects of RA exposure on GD 8-10 or 14-16 on regional brain weight and on a 
      large behavioral test battery. The second study assessed the effects of RA 
      exposure on GD 11-13 or GD 14-16 on many of the same variables. Taken together 
      with an earlier study of the behavioral effects of GD 11-13 RA exposure, these 
      studies permit the following conclusions. 1) RA exposure at the above doses at 
      any of the three exposure periods produced an apparent reduction in 
      amphetamine-induced open field activity. 2) RA exposure on GD 14-16 but not 
      earlier produced a robust, replicable rotarod deficit in exposed offspring. 3) RA 
      exposure on GD 11-13, but not earlier or later, increased daytime activity in 
      residential running wheels. 4) RA exposure on GD 11-13 or GD 14-16 but not GD 
      8-10 reduced weight of cerebellum. 5) No RA effect at any exposure period was 
      seen on maze learning, activity in novel open fields, or on auditory startle.
FAU - Holson, R R
AU  - Holson RR
AD  - Department of Psychology, New Mexico Tech, Socorro 87801, USA. rholson@nmt.edu
FAU - Adams, J
AU  - Adams J
FAU - Ferguson, S A
AU  - Ferguson SA
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Neurotoxicol Teratol
JT  - Neurotoxicology and teratology
JID - 8709538
RN  - 0 (Dopamine Agents)
RN  - 0 (Teratogens)
RN  - 5688UTC01R (Tretinoin)
RN  - CK833KGX7E (Amphetamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amphetamine/pharmacology
MH  - Animals
MH  - Behavior, Animal/*drug effects
MH  - Body Weight/drug effects
MH  - Brain/*drug effects
MH  - Cerebellum/drug effects
MH  - Dopamine Agents/toxicity
MH  - Drug Interactions
MH  - Female
MH  - Fetus/*drug effects
MH  - *Gestational Age
MH  - Maternal-Fetal Exchange/drug effects
MH  - Maze Learning/drug effects
MH  - Organ Size/drug effects
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Pregnancy, Animal/*drug effects
MH  - Rats
MH  - Survival Rate
MH  - Teratogens/toxicity
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Tretinoin/*toxicity
EDAT- 1999/08/10 00:00
MHDA- 1999/08/10 00:01
CRDT- 1999/08/10 00:00
PHST- 1999/08/10 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1999/08/10 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1999/08/10 00:00 [entrez]
AID - S0892-0362(99)00007-0 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/s0892-0362(99)00007-0 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neurotoxicol Teratol. 1999 Jul-Aug;21(4):393-402. doi: 
      10.1016/s0892-0362(99)00007-0.