PMID- 10444836
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19990914
LR  - 20190729
IS  - 1060-3271 (Print)
IS  - 1060-3271 (Linking)
VI  - 82
IP  - 4
DP  - 1999 Jul-Aug
TI  - Use patterns and residual levels of organophosphate pesticides on vegetables in 
      Trinidad, West Indies.
PG  - 991-5
AB  - The twin-island state of Trinidad and Tobago produces much of the fresh fruit and 
      vegetables consumed locally, although some are exported to Europe and North 
      America. On average, approximately 1500 tons of pesticides are imported annually, 
      of which about 10-15% are organophosphates. A survey of local farmers revealed 
      that a wide range of pesticides are used and that the same pesticides are used on 
      several crops to control different pests. Application rates exceeding 
      manufacturers' recommendations are also common, as is the disregard of 
      recommended preharvest intervals after pesticide application. Praedial larceny 
      and subsequent sale of freshly sprayed crops also contribute to the risks posed 
      to consumers by pesticide residues. A market basket survey of produce conducted 
      between October 1996 and May 1997 in Trinidad for organophosphate pesticides 
      showed that 10% of produce exceeded the internationally acceptable maximum 
      residue limits (MRLs) for the respective pesticides. Celery constituted 6.5% of 
      all such samples, with over 83% of celery samples exceeding the MRL. 
      Organophosphate pesticides detected were methamidophos, triazophos, prophenofos, 
      diazinon, ethion, pirimiphos methyl, malathion, and dimethoate, with the first 4 
      being the most commonly detected. There is an urgent need for comprehensive 
      monitoring and control of pesticides on produce by local regulatory agencies, 
      especially because the above data relate only to one class of pesticides. The 
      education of farmers on safe operating practices regarding pesticide application 
      and observation of recommended preharvest intervals for applied pesticides is 
      also required.
FAU - Yen, I C
AU  - Yen IC
AD  - University of the West Indies, Department of Chemistry, St. Augustine, Trinidad.
FAU - Bekele, I
AU  - Bekele I
FAU - Kalloo, C
AU  - Kalloo C
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - J AOAC Int
JT  - Journal of AOAC International
JID - 9215446
RN  - 0 (Insecticides)
RN  - 0 (Organophosphorus Compounds)
RN  - 0 (Pesticide Residues)
SB  - IM
MH  - Chromatography, Gas/methods
MH  - *Food Contamination
MH  - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/*methods
MH  - Insecticides/*analysis
MH  - *Organophosphorus Compounds
MH  - Pesticide Residues/*analysis
MH  - Trinidad and Tobago
MH  - Vegetables/*chemistry
EDAT- 1999/08/13 00:00
MHDA- 1999/08/13 00:01
CRDT- 1999/08/13 00:00
PHST- 1999/08/13 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1999/08/13 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1999/08/13 00:00 [entrez]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J AOAC Int. 1999 Jul-Aug;82(4):991-5.