PMID- 10489704
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19991028
LR  - 20190515
IS  - 0001-4966 (Print)
IS  - 0001-4966 (Linking)
VI  - 106
IP  - 3 Pt 1
DP  - 1999 Sep
TI  - Auditory localization of nearby sources. Head-related transfer functions.
PG  - 1465-79
AB  - Although researchers have long recognized the unique properties of the 
      head-related transfer function (HRTF) for nearby sources (within 1 m of the 
      listener's head), virtually all of the HRTF measurements described in the 
      literature have focused on source locations 1 m or farther from the listener. In 
      this study, HRTFs for sources at distances from 0.12 to 1 m were calculated using 
      a rigid-sphere model of the head and measured using a Knowles Electronic Manikin 
      for Acoustic Research (KEMAR) and an acoustic point source. Both the calculations 
      and the measurements indicate that the interaural level difference (ILD) 
      increases substantially for lateral sources as distance decreases below 1 m, even 
      at low frequencies where the ILD is small for distant sources. In contrast, the 
      interaural time delay (ITD) is roughly independent of distance even when the 
      source is close. The KEMAR measurements indicate that the direction of the source 
      relative to the outer ear plays an important role in determining the 
      high-frequency response of the HRTF in the horizontal plane. However, the 
      elevation-dependent characteristics of the HRTFs are not strongly dependent on 
      distance, and the contribution of the pinna to the HRTF is independent of 
      distance beyond a few centimeters from the ear. Overall, the results suggest that 
      binaural cues play an important role in auditory distance perception for nearby 
      sources.
FAU - Brungart, D S
AU  - Brungart DS
AD  - Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 
      Cambridge 02139, USA. douglas.brungart@he.wpafb.af.mil
FAU - Rabinowitz, W M
AU  - Rabinowitz WM
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
PL  - United States
TA  - J Acoust Soc Am
JT  - The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
JID - 7503051
SB  - IM
MH  - Dichotic Listening Tests
MH  - *Ear Canal
MH  - Functional Laterality
MH  - Humans
MH  - Manikins
MH  - Models, Theoretical
MH  - Pitch Perception
MH  - Psychoacoustics
MH  - *Sound Localization
EDAT- 1999/09/18 00:00
MHDA- 1999/09/18 00:01
CRDT- 1999/09/18 00:00
PHST- 1999/09/18 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1999/09/18 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1999/09/18 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1121/1.427180 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Acoust Soc Am. 1999 Sep;106(3 Pt 1):1465-79. doi: 10.1121/1.427180.