PMID- 10492388
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19991022
LR  - 20191210
IS  - 0892-0362 (Print)
IS  - 0892-0362 (Linking)
VI  - 21
IP  - 5
DP  - 1999 Sep-Oct
TI  - Prenatal intravenous cocaine adversely affects attentional processing in 
      preweanling rats.
PG  - 539-50
AB  - Perhaps the sole, clinically reported, deficit in infants of women that abused 
      cocaine (COC) during pregnancy that persists through early childhood is that of 
      an attentional disorder. Using the heart rate orienting response (HR-OR), a 
      putative valid and reliable measure of attention, we examined the offspring of 
      rats exposed to COC in utero via the clinically relevant intravenous (IV) route. 
      Sprague-Dawley females, implanted with IV access ports prior to breeding, were 
      administered saline or 3 mg/kg COC HC1, 1X/day on gestational day (GD) 8-14 and 
      2X/day on GD15-21. No significant effects of prenatal COC were apparent for 
      maternal or litter parameters. Six pups/litter were tested: one of each sex on 
      postnatal day (PD) 12, PD16, and PD21. Following 20 min of adaptation, pups were 
      exposed to a novel odor (20 s amyl acetate) for a set of four acquisition trials; 
      after a 4-h retention interval, the same procedure was again employed. At PD12, 
      both prenatal COC and control pups demonstrated a significant HR-OR on the 
      acquisition trials and both groups showed significant within-session habituation. 
      Across the 4-h retention interval, prenatal COC-exposed pups showed habituation 
      whereas control pups did not. At PD16, the magnitude of the HR-OR was 
      significantly greater in prenatal COC-exposed pups relative to control pups. 
      Within-session habituation also characterized the HR-OR of the COC, but not 
      control, pups. For the retention data, within-subject and regression analyses 
      suggested the COC-exposed pups displayed greater between and within-session 
      habituation, respectively. At PD21, the prenatal COC-treated pups displayed an 
      HR-OR that did not habituate across acquisition trials; the control pups 
      displayed a significant HR-OR only during the initial 5 s of the first two 
      trials. During the retention trials, regression analyses again suggested the 
      COC-exposed pups displayed greater evidence of within-session habituation. 
      Collectively, these data demonstrate that prenatal exposure to COC alters 
      attention throughout the preweanling period of development. Given the putative 
      role of norepinephrine, but not dopamine or serotonin, in central mediation of 
      the HR-OR of preweanling rats, the effects of prenatal IV COC exposure in this 
      task are consistent with a noradrenergically based attentional disorder.
FAU - Mactutus, C F
AU  - Mactutus CF
AD  - College of Pharmacy, Tobacco and Health Research Institute, Graduate Center for 
      Toxicology, and the Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 
      40546-0236, USA. cfmact1@pop.uky.edu
LA  - eng
GR  - DA06638/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - DA09160/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - DA11337/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - etc.
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PL  - United States
TA  - Neurotoxicol Teratol
JT  - Neurotoxicology and teratology
JID - 8709538
RN  - I5Y540LHVR (Cocaine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Animals, Newborn
MH  - Animals, Suckling
MH  - Attention/*drug effects
MH  - Birth Weight/drug effects
MH  - Cocaine/*adverse effects
MH  - Female
MH  - Habituation, Psychophysiologic/drug effects
MH  - Heart Rate/drug effects
MH  - Injections, Intravenous
MH  - Litter Size/drug effects
MH  - Male
MH  - Orientation/drug effects
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - *Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
MH  - Regression Analysis
MH  - Retention, Psychology/drug effects
EDAT- 1999/09/24 00:00
MHDA- 1999/09/24 00:01
CRDT- 1999/09/24 00:00
PHST- 1999/09/24 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1999/09/24 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1999/09/24 00:00 [entrez]
AID - S0892-0362(99)00024-0 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/s0892-0362(99)00024-0 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neurotoxicol Teratol. 1999 Sep-Oct;21(5):539-50. doi: 
      10.1016/s0892-0362(99)00024-0.