PMID- 10500278
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19991123
LR  - 20190910
IS  - 0168-1702 (Print)
IS  - 0168-1702 (Linking)
VI  - 64
IP  - 1
DP  - 1999 Oct
TI  - The localization of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 
      nucleocapsid protein to the nucleolus of infected cells and identification of a 
      potential nucleolar localization signal sequence.
PG  - 1-12
AB  - The nucleocapsid (N) protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome 
      virus (PRRSV) possesses two regions in the N-terminal half of the protein that 
      are enriched in basic amino acids. Presumably, these basic regions are important 
      for packaging the RNA genome within the nucleocapsid of the virus. The PSORT 
      computer program identified the same regions as nuclear localization signal (NLS) 
      sequence motifs. N protein localization to the nucleus of infected MARC-145 and 
      porcine pulmonary macrophages was observed following staining with SDOW-17 and 
      SR-30 anti-N monoclonal antibodies. Furthermore, the co-localization of SR-30 
      antibody with human ANA-N autoimmune serum identified the nucleolus as the 
      primary site for N protein localization within the nucleus. The localization of 
      the N protein in the absence of infection was studied by following fluorescence 
      in MARC-145 cells transfected with a plasmid, which expressed the nucleocapsid 
      protein fused to an enhanced green fluorescent protein (N-EGFP). Similar to 
      infected cells, N-EGFP localized to the cytoplasm and the nucleolus. Results 
      following the transfection of cells with pEGFP fused to truncated portions of the 
      N gene identified a region containing the second basic stretch of amino acids as 
      the nucleolar localization signal (NoLS) sequence. Another outcome following 
      transfection was the rapid disappearance of cells that expressed high levels of 
      N-EGFP. However, cell death did not correlate with localization of N-EGFP to the 
      nucleolus.
FAU - Rowland, R R
AU  - Rowland RR
AD  - Departments of Biology, Microbiology and Veterinary Science, South Dakota Sate 
      University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA. rowlandr@mg.sdstate.edu
FAU - Kervin, R
AU  - Kervin R
FAU - Kuckleburg, C
AU  - Kuckleburg C
FAU - Sperlich, A
AU  - Sperlich A
FAU - Benfield, D A
AU  - Benfield DA
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Virus Res
JT  - Virus research
JID - 8410979
RN  - 0 (Luminescent Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Nucleocapsid Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Protein Sorting Signals)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Fusion Proteins)
RN  - 147336-22-9 (Green Fluorescent Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Cell Nucleolus/metabolism/*virology
MH  - Green Fluorescent Proteins
MH  - Humans
MH  - Kinetics
MH  - Luminescent Proteins/genetics
MH  - Macrophages
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Nucleocapsid Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus/*physiology
MH  - Protein Sorting Signals/chemistry/*genetics
MH  - Recombinant Fusion Proteins/biosynthesis
MH  - Sequence Alignment
MH  - Software
MH  - Swine
MH  - Transfection
EDAT- 1999/09/29 00:00
MHDA- 1999/09/29 00:01
CRDT- 1999/09/29 00:00
PHST- 1999/09/29 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1999/09/29 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1999/09/29 00:00 [entrez]
AID - S0168-1702(99)00048-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/s0168-1702(99)00048-9 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Virus Res. 1999 Oct;64(1):1-12. doi: 10.1016/s0168-1702(99)00048-9.