PMID- 10549715
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19991208
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 0094-6176 (Print)
IS  - 0094-6176 (Linking)
VI  - 25 Suppl 3
DP  - 1999
TI  - Structural features and bleeding activity of commercial low molecular weight 
      heparins: neutralization by ATP and protamine.
PG  - 43-50
AB  - Differences in the structure of three low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) have 
      been observed by applying physico-chemical methods as well as enzymatic 
      degradation with bacterial heparinase and heparitinase II. The production of 
      enoxaparin maintains the internal structure of the parent heparin with the 
      exception of the unsaturated nonreducing end. In contrast, the production of 
      dalteparin and nadroparin removes part of their nonsulfated uronic acid residues 
      and, unlike enoxaparin and unfractionated heparin (UFH), these LMWHs also contain 
      regions that remain resistant to the action of heparitinase II. Enoxaparin has a 
      lower molecular weight distribution than dalteparin and nadroparin and is 
      composed of at least four discrete molecular weight populations. A rat-tail model 
      demonstrated that LMWHs applied topically or injected intravenously had a lower 
      bleeding potency when compared with UFH treatment. The bleeding potencies of the 
      different LMWHs were similar. Furthermore, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) 
      completely neutralized bleeding caused by LMWHs and UFH in the animal model when 
      applied topically and significantly reduced bleeding in heparinized surgical 
      patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.
FAU - Dietrich, C P
AU  - Dietrich CP
AD  - Departamento de Bioquimica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de 
      Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
FAU - Shinjo, S K
AU  - Shinjo SK
FAU - Moraes, F A
AU  - Moraes FA
FAU - Castro, R A
AU  - Castro RA
FAU - Mendes, A
AU  - Mendes A
FAU - Gouvea, T C
AU  - Gouvea TC
FAU - Nader, H B
AU  - Nader HB
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - Semin Thromb Hemost
JT  - Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis
JID - 0431155
RN  - 0 (Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight)
RN  - 0 (Protamines)
RN  - 8L70Q75FXE (Adenosine Triphosphate)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adenosine Triphosphate/pharmacology
MH  - Animals
MH  - Hemorrhage/*chemically induced/drug therapy
MH  - Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight/*adverse effects/*chemistry/metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Protamines/pharmacology
RF  - 34
EDAT- 1999/11/05 00:00
MHDA- 1999/11/05 00:01
CRDT- 1999/11/05 00:00
PHST- 1999/11/05 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1999/11/05 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1999/11/05 00:00 [entrez]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Semin Thromb Hemost. 1999;25 Suppl 3:43-50.