PMID- 10566104
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19991209
LR  - 20191103
IS  - 1066-7814 (Print)
IS  - 1066-7814 (Linking)
VI  - 24
IP  - 5
DP  - 1999 Oct
TI  - Dietary carbohydrate and its effects on metabolism and substrate stores in 
      sedentary and active individuals.
PG  - 393-415
AB  - This review of carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion and exercise addresses three major 
      issues: (a) how CHO ingestion influences CHO and fat stores, (b) how exercise, by 
      changing CHO stores, alters the responses to CHO or fat ingestion, and (c) the 
      roles of CHO in exercise performance and metabolism. Dietary manipulation is not 
      a simple issue; increasing the dietary content of any specific nutrient alters 
      the entire diet composition. High CHO diets are often low fat diets, hence 
      changing the metabolism and storage of both fat and CHO. Acute CHO ingestion 
      increases CHO oxidation and the "spared" fats are deposited as fat. Chronic high 
      CHO ingestion (without an active lifestyle) leads to muscle becoming 
      insulin-insensitive, adipose tissue processing CHO to fatty acids, and the liver 
      increasing production of VLDL triglycerides. CHO ingestion prior to and during 
      prolonged exercise can increase endurance. It has been suggested that moderate or 
      low glycemic index forms be used prior to and during the exercise, but there is 
      no consensus as to whether it should be a recommendation. The physiological 
      nature of the regulation of CHO stores is poorly understood, but the recent 
      identification of a key enzyme, glycogenin, and two forms of glycogen (pro- and 
      macroglycogen) show promise of a deeper understanding.
FAU - Graham, T E
AU  - Graham TE
AD  - Department of Human Biology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, 
      Ontario.
FAU - Adamo, K B
AU  - Adamo KB
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - Can J Appl Physiol
JT  - Canadian journal of applied physiology = Revue canadienne de physiologie 
      appliquee
JID - 9306274
RN  - 0 (Dietary Carbohydrates)
RN  - 0 (Dietary Fats)
SB  - IM
MH  - Body Composition
MH  - Dietary Carbohydrates/*metabolism
MH  - Dietary Fats/*metabolism
MH  - Energy Metabolism
MH  - Exercise/*physiology
MH  - Humans
RF  - 65
EDAT- 1999/11/24 00:00
MHDA- 1999/11/24 00:01
CRDT- 1999/11/24 00:00
PHST- 1999/11/24 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1999/11/24 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1999/11/24 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1139/h99-030 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Can J Appl Physiol. 1999 Oct;24(5):393-415. doi: 10.1139/h99-030.