PMID- 10573332
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19991207
LR  - 20220318
IS  - 0264-0414 (Print)
IS  - 0264-0414 (Linking)
VI  - 17
IP  - 10
DP  - 1999 Oct
TI  - The effects of carbohydrate supplementation on immune responses to a 
      soccer-specific exercise protocol.
PG  - 787-96
AB  - The aim of this study was to determine the effect of carbohydrate (CHO) versus 
      placebo (PLA) beverage consumption on the immune and plasma cortisol responses to 
      a soccer-specific exercise protocol in 8 university team soccer players. In a 
      randomized, counterbalanced design, the players received carbohydrate or placebo 
      beverages before, during and after two 90 min soccer-specific exercise bouts (3 
      days apart) designed to mimic the activities performed and the distance covered 
      in a typical soccer match. Blood and saliva samples were collected before, during 
      and after the exercise protocol. Plasma lactate concentration increased to 
      approximately 4 mmol x l(-1) at 45 and 90 min of exercise in both treatments 
      (P<0.01). Plasma glucose concentration was significantly lower after 90 min of 
      exercise with ingestion of the placebo than the carbohydrate (PLA: 4.57+/-0.12 
      mmol x l(-1); CHO: 5.49+/-0.11 mmol x l(-1); P<0.01). The pattern of change in 
      plasma cortisol, circulating lymphocyte count and saliva immunoglobulin A 
      secretion did not differ between the carbohydrate and placebo trials. Blood 
      neutrophil counts were 14% higher 1 h after the placebo trial than the 
      carbohydrate trial (PLA: 4.8+/-0.5x10(9) cells x l(-1); CHO: 4.2+/-0.5x10(9) 
      cells x l(-1); P = 0.06), but the treatment had no effect on the degranulation 
      response of blood neutrophils stimulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide. We 
      conclude that, although previous studies have shown that carbohydrate feeding is 
      effective in attenuating immune responses to prolonged continuous strenuous 
      exercise, the same cannot be said for a soccer-specific intermittent exercise 
      protocol. When overall exercise intensity is moderate, and changes in plasma 
      glucose, cortisol and immune variables are relatively small, it would appear that 
      carbohydrate ingestion has only a minimal influence on the immune response to 
      exercise.
FAU - Bishop, N C
AU  - Bishop NC
AD  - School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK.
FAU - Blannin, A K
AU  - Blannin AK
FAU - Robson, P J
AU  - Robson PJ
FAU - Walsh, N P
AU  - Walsh NP
FAU - Gleeson, M
AU  - Gleeson M
LA  - eng
PT  - Clinical Trial
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
PL  - England
TA  - J Sports Sci
JT  - Journal of sports sciences
JID - 8405364
RN  - 0 (Blood Glucose)
RN  - 0 (Dietary Carbohydrates)
RN  - 0 (Immunoglobulin A, Secretory)
RN  - 0 (Lactates)
RN  - 0 (Lipopolysaccharides)
RN  - 0 (Placebos)
RN  - WI4X0X7BPJ (Hydrocortisone)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Antibody Formation/*immunology
MH  - Beverages
MH  - Blood Glucose/analysis
MH  - Cell Degranulation
MH  - Dietary Carbohydrates/*administration & dosage
MH  - *Dietary Supplements
MH  - Exercise/physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hydrocortisone/blood
MH  - Immunity, Cellular/*immunology
MH  - Immunoglobulin A, Secretory/analysis/metabolism
MH  - Lactates/blood
MH  - Leukocyte Count
MH  - Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology
MH  - Lymphocyte Count
MH  - Male
MH  - Neutrophils/cytology
MH  - Placebos
MH  - Saliva/chemistry/metabolism
MH  - Secretory Rate
MH  - Soccer/*physiology
EDAT- 1999/11/26 00:00
MHDA- 1999/11/26 00:01
CRDT- 1999/11/26 00:00
PHST- 1999/11/26 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1999/11/26 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1999/11/26 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1080/026404199365506 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Sports Sci. 1999 Oct;17(10):787-96. doi: 10.1080/026404199365506.