PMID- 10631347
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20000128
LR  - 20190702
IS  - 0027-5107 (Print)
IS  - 0027-5107 (Linking)
VI  - 430
IP  - 2
DP  - 1999 Dec 6
TI  - Biological dosimetry for astronauts: a real challenge.
PG  - 315-26
AB  - Manned space missions recently increased in number and duration, thus it became 
      important to estimate the biological risks encountered by astronauts. They are 
      exposed to cosmic and galactic rays, a complex mixture of different radiations. 
      In addition to the measurements realized by physical dosimeters, it becomes 
      essential to estimate real biologically effective doses and compare them to 
      physical doses. Biological dosimetry of radiation exposures has been widely 
      performed using cytogenetic analysis of chromosomes. This approach has been used 
      for many years in order to estimate absorbed doses in accidental or chronic 
      overexposures of humans. In addition to conventional techniques (Giemsa or FPG 
      staining, R- or G-banding), faster and accurate means of analysis have been 
      developed (fluorescence in situ hybridization [FISH] painting). As results 
      accumulate, it appears that strong interindividual variability exists in the 
      basal level of aberrations. Moreover, some aberrations such as translocations 
      exhibit a high background level. Radiation exposures seem to induce variability 
      between individual responses. Its extent strongly differs with the mode of 
      exposure, the doses delivered, the kind of radiation, and the cytogenetic method 
      used. This paper aims to review the factors that may influence the reliability of 
      cytogenetic dosimetry. The emphasis is on the exposure to high linear energy 
      transfer (LET) particles in space as recent studies demonstrated interindividual 
      variations in doses estimated from aberration analysis after long-term space 
      missions. In addition to the problem of dose estimates, the heterogeneity of 
      cosmic radiation raises questions relating to the real numbers of damaged cells 
      in an individual, and potential long-term risks. Actually, densely ionizing 
      particles are extremely potent to induce late chromosomal instability, and again, 
      interindividual variability exists in the expression of damage.
FAU - Testard, I
AU  - Testard I
AD  - CEA, Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique, DSV/DRR, Laboratoire de Radiobiologie et 
      Oncologie, BP6, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
FAU - Sabatier, L
AU  - Sabatier L
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Mutat Res
JT  - Mutation research
JID - 0400763
RN  - 9007-49-2 (DNA)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Astronauts
MH  - *Chromosome Aberrations
MH  - Chromosomes, Human/*radiation effects
MH  - Cosmic Radiation/adverse effects
MH  - DNA/radiation effects
MH  - DNA Damage
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation
MH  - Genetic Predisposition to Disease
MH  - Genetic Variation
MH  - Humans
MH  - Linear Energy Transfer
MH  - *Occupational Exposure
MH  - Radiation Dosage
MH  - Radiation Tolerance/genetics
MH  - Radiation, Ionizing
MH  - Radiometry/*methods
MH  - Relative Biological Effectiveness
MH  - *Space Flight
MH  - Spacecraft/instrumentation
MH  - Time Factors
RF  - 83
EDAT- 2000/01/13 00:00
MHDA- 2000/01/13 00:01
CRDT- 2000/01/13 00:00
PHST- 2000/01/13 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2000/01/13 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 2000/01/13 00:00 [entrez]
AID - S0027-5107(99)00144-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/s0027-5107(99)00144-x [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mutat Res. 1999 Dec 6;430(2):315-26. doi: 10.1016/s0027-5107(99)00144-x.