PMID- 10647540
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20000210
LR  - 20190831
IS  - 0195-9131 (Print)
IS  - 0195-9131 (Linking)
VI  - 32
IP  - 1
DP  - 2000 Jan
TI  - Gastrointestinal mucosal integrity after prolonged exercise with fluid 
      supplementation.
PG  - 134-42
AB  - PURPOSE: Studies on the effect of exercise on gastrointestinal (GI) mucosal 
      integrity have been limited to occult-blood tests, which were often nonspecific 
      for human blood. The aim of our study was to investigate more aspects of this 
      integrity. METHODS: We examined the effect of prolonged exercise and carbohydrate 
      (CHO) supplementation on mucosal integrity in 22 male triathletes by measuring 
      fecal lysozyme, alpha1-antitrypsin, and occult-blood loss, which was examined by 
      two tests specific for human blood (Colon-Albumin and Monohaem test). Exercise 
      consisted of two 150-min tests (alternately running, cycling, and running at 
      70-75% VO2max), either with a 7.0% CHO drink or water (W). Furthermore, GI 
      symptoms during exercise were registered by questionnaire. RESULTS: Three 
      subjects showed human albumin only in the first stool after exercise: twice with 
      W and once with CHO. However, human hemoglobin (Hb) could not be detected in 
      these samples. Four other subjects showed an elevated lysozyme concentration 
      after exercise with CHO but not with W. Elevated alpha1-antitrypsin values were 
      found in three of seven specimens in which either positive albumin tests and/or 
      an elevated lysozyme concentration were demonstrated. Twenty-one subjects (95%) 
      reported one or more GI symptoms during exercise. Incidence rates of different GI 
      symptoms varied from 5 to 68%. Most symptoms were more frequent and lasted longer 
      during running than during cycling but did not differ significantly between 
      supplements and were not related to any mucosal integrity parameter. CONCLUSIONS: 
      GI blood loss during exercise is of no clinical importance, at least in our study 
      design with a group of well-trained male subjects who consumed a relatively high 
      amount of fluid (up to 2.3 L). Nevertheless, an increased alpha1-antitrypsin and 
      lysozyme concentration may indicate a transient local mucosal damage with an 
      inflammatory response.
FAU - Peters, H P
AU  - Peters HP
AD  - Department of Medical Physiology and Sports Medicine, Utrecht University, The 
      Netherlands. h.p.f.peters@med.uu.nl
FAU - Wiersma, W C
AU  - Wiersma WC
FAU - Akkermans, L M
AU  - Akkermans LM
FAU - Bol, E
AU  - Bol E
FAU - Kraaijenhagen, R J
AU  - Kraaijenhagen RJ
FAU - Mosterd, W L
AU  - Mosterd WL
FAU - de Vries, W R
AU  - de Vries WR
FAU - Wielders, J P
AU  - Wielders JP
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Med Sci Sports Exerc
JT  - Medicine and science in sports and exercise
JID - 8005433
RN  - 0 (Albumins)
RN  - 0 (Dietary Carbohydrates)
RN  - 0 (Hemoglobins)
RN  - 0 (alpha 1-Antitrypsin)
RN  - 059QF0KO0R (Water)
RN  - EC 3.2.1.17 (Muramidase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Albumins/analysis
MH  - Bicycling/physiology
MH  - Chest Pain/etiology
MH  - Dietary Carbohydrates/administration & dosage
MH  - Eructation/etiology
MH  - Feces/chemistry/enzymology
MH  - *Fluid Therapy
MH  - Gastric Mucosa/*physiology
MH  - Hemoglobins/analysis
MH  - Humans
MH  - Intestinal Mucosa/*physiology
MH  - Male
MH  - Muramidase/analysis
MH  - Occult Blood
MH  - Physical Exertion/*physiology
MH  - Running/physiology
MH  - Surveys and Questionnaires
MH  - Water/administration & dosage
MH  - alpha 1-Antitrypsin/analysis
EDAT- 2000/01/27 00:00
MHDA- 2000/01/27 00:01
CRDT- 2000/01/27 00:00
PHST- 2000/01/27 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2000/01/27 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 2000/01/27 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1097/00005768-200001000-00020 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000 Jan;32(1):134-42. doi: 
      10.1097/00005768-200001000-00020.