PMID- 10684384
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20000413
LR  - 20051116
IS  - 1046-199X (Print)
IS  - 1046-199X (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 1
DP  - 2000 Mar
TI  - Local lymph node assay: validation assessment for regulatory purposes.
PG  - 3-18
AB  - For the prediction of skin sensitization potential of substances, the murine 
      local lymph node assay (LLNA) is an alternative to the widely used guinea pig 
      tests. For more than 10 years, this method has undergone extensive development, 
      evaluation, and validation. In this review, the validation status of the LLNA is 
      considered, specifically with regard to its use for regulatory identification of 
      skin sensitization hazards. The LLNA is a method for the predictive 
      identification of chemicals that have a potential to cause skin sensitization. 
      Activity is measured as a function of lymph node cell proliferative responses 
      stimulated by topical application of test chemicals. The LLNA has successfully 
      passed all reasonable validation stages. It provides a reliable and relevant 
      source of predictive skin sensitization data, which unlike results from guinea 
      pig tests, are reproducible from laboratory to laboratory. In summary, the LLNA 
      is now ready for acceptance as a viable and complete alternative to traditional 
      methods, offering a substantial reduction in animal numbers and refinement 
      opportunities without compromising the standards for the identification of 
      important skin sensitizers.
FAU - Gerberick, G F
AU  - Gerberick GF
AD  - Miami Valley Laboratory, Procter & Gamble Company, the Zeneca Central Toxicology 
      Laboratory, Alderley Park, Cincinnati, OH 45253-8707, USA. gerberick.gf@pg.com
FAU - Ryan, C A
AU  - Ryan CA
FAU - Kimber, I
AU  - Kimber I
FAU - Dearman, R J
AU  - Dearman RJ
FAU - Lea, L J
AU  - Lea LJ
FAU - Basketter, D A
AU  - Basketter DA
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - Canada
TA  - Am J Contact Dermat
JT  - American journal of contact dermatitis : official journal of the American Contact 
      Dermatitis Society
JID - 9100472
RN  - 0 (Allergens)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Allergens
MH  - Animals
MH  - Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/*diagnosis
MH  - Disease Models, Animal
MH  - Female
MH  - Guinea Pigs
MH  - Humans
MH  - Lymph Nodes/*pathology
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred CBA
MH  - Predictive Value of Tests
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - Skin Tests/*standards
RF  - 54
EDAT- 2000/02/23 09:00
MHDA- 2000/04/15 09:00
CRDT- 2000/02/23 09:00
PHST- 2000/02/23 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2000/04/15 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2000/02/23 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S1046199X0000004X [pii]
AID - 10.1053/ajcd.2000.0003 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Am J Contact Dermat. 2000 Mar;11(1):3-18. doi: 10.1053/ajcd.2000.0003.