PMID- 10703702
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20000404
LR  - 20240329
IS  - 0378-1135 (Print)
IS  - 1873-2542 (Electronic)
IS  - 0378-1135 (Linking)
VI  - 71
IP  - 3-4
DP  - 2000 Feb
TI  - Synergism between porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and 
      Salmonella choleraesuis in swine.
PG  - 177-92
AB  - Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Salmonella 
      choleraesuis are two leading causes of economic loss in the swine industry. While 
      respiratory disease is common in both S. choleraesuis and PRRSV infections, the 
      factors that contribute to its development remain largely undefined. We 
      investigated the interaction of PRRSV, S. choleraesuis, and stress in 5-week-old 
      swine. All combinations of three factors (inoculation with S. choleraesuis on Day 
      0, PRRSV on Day 3, and treatment with dexamethasone on Days 3-7) were used to 
      produce eight treatment groups in two independent trials. Fecal samples, tonsil 
      and nasal swabs, serum samples and postmortem tissues were collected for 
      bacteriologic and virologic examinations. No clinical signs were observed in pigs 
      inoculated with only PRRSV or only S. choleraesuis. In contrast, pigs which were 
      dually infected with S. choleraesuis and PRRSV exhibited unthriftiness, rough 
      hair coats, dyspnea, and diarrhea. The pigs which received all three treatment 
      factors were the most severely affected and 43% (three of seven) of the animals 
      in this group died. Individuals in this group shed significantly higher 
      quantities of S. choleraesuis in feces and had significantly higher serum PRRSV 
      titers compared to other treatments (p < or = 0.05). In addition, S. choleraesuis 
      and PRRSV were shed longer and by more pigs in this group than other groups and 
      S. choleraesuis was recovered from more tissues in this group on Day 21 post 
      inoculation. These results suggested that PRRSV, S. choleraesuis, and 
      dexamethasone acted synergistically to produce a syndrome similar to that 
      observed in the field.
FAU - Wills, R W
AU  - Wills RW
AD  - Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State 
      University, Ames 50011, USA. rwills1@unl.edu
FAU - Gray, J T
AU  - Gray JT
FAU - Fedorka-Cray, P J
AU  - Fedorka-Cray PJ
FAU - Yoon, K J
AU  - Yoon KJ
FAU - Ladely, S
AU  - Ladely S
FAU - Zimmerman, J J
AU  - Zimmerman JJ
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Vet Microbiol
JT  - Veterinary microbiology
JID - 7705469
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Glucocorticoids)
RN  - 7S5I7G3JQL (Dexamethasone)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antibodies, Viral/blood
MH  - Body Temperature
MH  - Body Weight
MH  - Dexamethasone/adverse effects
MH  - Diarrhea/veterinary
MH  - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary
MH  - Feces/microbiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Glucocorticoids/adverse effects
MH  - Multivariate Analysis
MH  - Palatine Tonsil/microbiology
MH  - Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome/blood/*pathology
MH  - Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus/*pathogenicity
MH  - Random Allocation
MH  - Regression Analysis
MH  - Salmonella/isolation & purification/*pathogenicity
MH  - Salmonella Infections, Animal/blood/*complications/pathology
MH  - Stress, Physiological/chemically induced/complications/*veterinary
MH  - Swine
MH  - Swine Diseases/blood/*pathology
MH  - Syndrome
MH  - Vomiting/veterinary
PMC - PMC7117217
EDAT- 2000/03/07 00:00
MHDA- 2000/03/07 00:01
PMCR- 2000/01/28
CRDT- 2000/03/07 00:00
PHST- 2000/03/07 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2000/03/07 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 2000/03/07 00:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2000/01/28 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S0378-1135(99)00175-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/s0378-1135(99)00175-3 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Vet Microbiol. 2000 Feb;71(3-4):177-92. doi: 10.1016/s0378-1135(99)00175-3.