PMID- 10720262
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20000331
LR  - 20190720
IS  - 0021-9673 (Print)
IS  - 0021-9673 (Linking)
VI  - 869
IP  - 1-2
DP  - 2000 Feb 11
TI  - Determination of linuron and related compounds in soil by microwave-assisted 
      solvent extraction and reversed-phase liquid chromatography with UV detection.
PG  - 487-96
AB  - The combination of microwave-assisted solvent extraction (MASE) and 
      reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) with UV detection has been 
      investigated for the efficient determination of phenylurea herbicides in soils 
      involving the single-residue method (SRM) approach (linuron) and the 
      multi-residue method (MRM) approach (monuron, monolinuron, isoproturon, 
      metobromuron, diuron and linuron). Critical parameters of MASE, viz, extraction 
      temperature, water content and extraction solvent were varied in order to 
      optimise recoveries of the analytes while simultaneously minimising co-extraction 
      of soil interferences. The optimised extraction procedure was applied to 
      different types of soil with an organic carbon content of 0.4-16.7%. Besides 
      freshly spiked soil samples, method validation included the analysis of samples 
      with aged residues. A comparative study between the applicability of RPLC-UV 
      without and with the use of column switching for the processing of uncleaned 
      extracts, was carried out. For some of the tested analyte/matrix combinations the 
      one-column approach (LC mode) is feasible. In comparison to LC, coupled-column LC 
      (LC-LC mode) provides high selectivity in single-residue analysis (linuron) and, 
      although less pronounced in multi-residue analysis (all six phenylurea 
      herbicides), the clean-up performance of LC-LC improves both time of analysis and 
      sample throughput. In the MRM approach the developed procedure involving MASE and 
      LC-LC-UV provided acceptable recoveries (range, 80-120%) and RSDs (<12%) at 
      levels of 10 microg/kg (n=9) and 50 microg/kg (n=7), respectively, for most 
      analyte/matrix combinations. Recoveries from aged residue samples spiked at a 
      level of 100 microg/kg (n=7) ranged, depending of the analyte/soil type 
      combination, from 41-113% with RSDs ranging from 1-35%. In the SRM approach the 
      developed LC-LC procedure was applied for the determination of linuron in 28 
      sandy soil samples collected in a field study. Linuron could be determined in 
      soil with a limit of quantitation of 10 microg/kg.
FAU - Molins, C
AU  - Molins C
AD  - National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Laboratory for 
      Organic-Analytical Chemistry, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
FAU - Hogendoorn, E A
AU  - Hogendoorn EA
FAU - Dijkman, E
AU  - Dijkman E
FAU - Heusinkveld, H A
AU  - Heusinkveld HA
FAU - Baumann, R A
AU  - Baumann RA
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - J Chromatogr A
JT  - Journal of chromatography. A
JID - 9318488
RN  - 0 (Soil Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Solvents)
RN  - 01XP1SU59O (Linuron)
SB  - IM
MH  - Chromatography, Liquid/*methods
MH  - Linuron/*analysis
MH  - Microwaves
MH  - Soil Pollutants/*analysis
MH  - Solvents
MH  - Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
EDAT- 2000/03/17 00:00
MHDA- 2000/03/17 00:01
CRDT- 2000/03/17 00:00
PHST- 2000/03/17 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2000/03/17 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 2000/03/17 00:00 [entrez]
AID - S0021-9673(99)01000-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)01000-6 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Chromatogr A. 2000 Feb 11;869(1-2):487-96. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)01000-6.