PMID- 10762237
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20000613
LR  - 20220330
IS  - 0021-9193 (Print)
IS  - 1098-5530 (Electronic)
IS  - 0021-9193 (Linking)
VI  - 182
IP  - 9
DP  - 2000 May
TI  - Genetic variation and evolutionary origin of the direct repeat locus of 
      Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex bacteria.
PG  - 2393-401
AB  - The direct repeat region in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains is 
      composed of multiple direct variant repeats (DVRs), each of which is composed of 
      a 36-bp direct repeat (DR) plus a nonrepetitive spacer sequence of similar size. 
      It has been shown previously that clinical isolates show extensive polymorphism 
      in the DR region by the variable presence of DVRs, and this polymorphism has been 
      used in the epidemiology of tuberculosis. In an attempt to better understand the 
      evolutionary scenario leading to polymorphic DR loci and to improve strain 
      differentiation by spoligotyping, we characterized and compared the DNA sequences 
      of the complete DR region and its flanking DNA of M. tuberculosis complex 
      strains. We identified 94 different spacer sequences among 26 M. tuberculosis 
      complex strains. No sequence homology was found between any of these spacers and 
      M. tuberculosis DNA outside of the DR region or with any other known bacterial 
      sequence. Although strains differed extensively in the presence or absence of 
      DVRs, the order of the spacers in the DR locus was found to be well conserved. 
      The data strongly suggest that the polymorphism in clinical isolates is the 
      result of successive deletions of single discrete DVRs or of multiple contiguous 
      DVRs from a primordial DR region containing many more DVRs than seen in present 
      day isolates and that virtually no scrambling of DVRs took place during 
      evolution. Because the majority of the novel spacer sequences identified in this 
      study were confined to isolates of the rare Mycobacterium canettii taxon, the use 
      of the novel spacers in spoligotyping led only to a slight improvement of strain 
      differentiation by spoligotyping.
FAU - van Embden, J D
AU  - van Embden JD
AD  - Department of Bacteriology of the Research Laboratory for Infectious Disease, 
      National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The 
      Netherlands. JDA.van.Embden@rivm.nl
FAU - van Gorkom, T
AU  - van Gorkom T
FAU - Kremer, K
AU  - Kremer K
FAU - Jansen, R
AU  - Jansen R
FAU - van Der Zeijst, B A
AU  - van Der Zeijst BA
FAU - Schouls, L M
AU  - Schouls LM
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AF189746
SI  - GENBANK/AF189747
SI  - GENBANK/AF189748
SI  - GENBANK/AF189749
SI  - GENBANK/AF189750
SI  - GENBANK/AF189751
SI  - GENBANK/AF189752
SI  - GENBANK/AF189753
SI  - GENBANK/AF189754
SI  - GENBANK/AF189755
SI  - GENBANK/AF189756
SI  - GENBANK/AF189757
SI  - GENBANK/AF189758
SI  - GENBANK/AF189759
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - J Bacteriol
JT  - Journal of bacteriology
JID - 2985120R
RN  - 0 (DNA, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Ribosomal)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Cattle
MH  - DNA, Bacterial
MH  - DNA, Ribosomal
MH  - *Evolution, Molecular
MH  - *Genes, Bacterial
MH  - *Genetic Variation
MH  - Humans
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Mycobacterium/genetics
MH  - Mycobacterium tuberculosis/*genetics
MH  - *Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
PMC - PMC111299
EDAT- 2000/04/13 09:00
MHDA- 2000/06/17 09:00
PMCR- 2000/05/01
CRDT- 2000/04/13 09:00
PHST- 2000/04/13 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2000/06/17 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2000/04/13 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2000/05/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 1587 [pii]
AID - 10.1128/JB.182.9.2393-2401.2000 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Bacteriol. 2000 May;182(9):2393-401. doi: 10.1128/JB.182.9.2393-2401.2000.