PMID- 10834240
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20000628
LR  - 20091111
IS  - 0067-8856 (Print)
IS  - 0067-8856 (Linking)
VI  - 36
DP  - 2000
TI  - Decreased 3D-sound spatialization accuracy caused by speech bandwidth limitation 
      over commodity audio components.
PG  - 245-50
AB  - This paper studies the accuracy achievable in spatialized speech signals due to 
      their limited bandwidth, in systems based on generic Head-Related Transfer 
      Functions (HRTFs). The accuracy in the perception of sounds spatialized through 
      HRTFs to emulate nine sound locations around the listener, at 0 elevation, are 
      investigated. The tests contrast the localization accuracy for a speech segment 
      and that for broadband noise, as perceived by two independent groups of 10 
      normal-hearing volunteers each. The sound localization perceived and reported by 
      each subject is compared to the HRTF-emulated location, to define a localization 
      error, in each case. The results are analyzed through a repeated measures, 
      mixed-factorial design Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The emulated source 
      locations and the type of sounds are the independent variables, and the average 
      perceived localization error for each case, the dependent variable. Since the 
      spectrum of speech signals drive only sections of the complete HRTF frequency 
      response for each location, the initial expectation is that they benefit less 
      from the spectral-shaping process implemented by the HRTFs, thus resulting in a 
      lower spatialization efficiency than the one for a full-spectrum noise signal. We 
      study the measurement of these effects when 3D-sounds are delivered over 
      commodity audio components, because of their widespread use in practical systems.
FAU - Grafals, O
AU  - Grafals O
AD  - Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Florida International 
      University, USA.
FAU - Gupta, N
AU  - Gupta N
FAU - Cremades, G
AU  - Cremades G
FAU - Barreto, A
AU  - Barreto A
FAU - Adjouadi, M
AU  - Adjouadi M
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
PL  - United States
TA  - Biomed Sci Instrum
JT  - Biomedical sciences instrumentation
JID - 0140524
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Noise
MH  - *Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
MH  - *Sound Localization
MH  - Sound Spectrography
MH  - *Speech
EDAT- 2000/06/02 09:00
MHDA- 2000/07/06 11:00
CRDT- 2000/06/02 09:00
PHST- 2000/06/02 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2000/07/06 11:00 [medline]
PHST- 2000/06/02 09:00 [entrez]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Biomed Sci Instrum. 2000;36:245-50.