PMID- 10874163
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20000908
LR  - 20190915
IS  - 1096-4959 (Print)
IS  - 1096-4959 (Linking)
VI  - 126
IP  - 2
DP  - 2000 Jun
TI  - Xenopus msx-1 regulates dorso-ventral axis formation by suppressing the 
      expression of organizer genes.
PG  - 157-68
AB  - We demonstrated previously that Xmsx-1 is involved in mesoderm patterning along 
      the dorso-ventral axis, under the regulation of BMP-4 signaling. When Xmsx-1 RNA 
      was injected into the dorsal blastomeres, a mass of muscle tissue formed instead 
      of notochord. This activity was similar to that of Xwnt-8 reported previously. In 
      this study, we investigated whether the activity of Xmsx-1 is related to the 
      ventralizing signal and myogenesis promoting factor, Xwnt-8. Whole-mount in situ 
      hybridization showed that Xmsx-1, Xwnt-8, and XmyoD were expressed in overlapping 
      areas, including the ventro-lateral marginal zone at mid-gastrula stage. The 
      expression of XmyoD was induced by the ectopic expression of either Xmsx-1 or 
      Xwnt-8 in dorsal blastomeres, and Xwnt-8 was induced by the ectopic expression of 
      Xmsx-1. On the other hand, the expression of Xmsx-1 was not affected by the 
      loading of pCSKA-Xwnt-8 or dominant-negative Xwnt-8 (DN-Xwnt-8) RNA. In addition, 
      Xmsx-1 RNA did not abrogate the formation of notochord if coinjected with 
      DN-Xwnt-8 RNA. These results suggest that Xmsx-1 functions upstream of the Xwnt-8 
      signal. Furthermore, the antagonistic function of Xmsx-1 to the expression of 
      organizer genes, such as Xlim-1 and goosecoid, was shown by in situ hybridization 
      analysis and luciferase reporter assay using the goosecoid promoter construct. 
      Finally if Xmsx-1/VP-16 fusion RNA, which was expected to function as a 
      dominant-negative Xmsx-1, was injected into ventral blastomeres, a partial 
      secondary axis formed in a significant number of embryos. In such embryos, the 
      activity of luciferase, under the control of goosecoid promoter sequence, was 
      significantly elevated at gastrula stage. These results led us to conclude that 
      Xmsx-1 plays a central role in establishing dorso-ventral axis in gastrulating 
      embryo, by suppressing the expression of organizer genes.
FAU - Takeda, M
AU  - Takeda M
AD  - Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Japan.
FAU - Saito, Y
AU  - Saito Y
FAU - Sekine, R
AU  - Sekine R
FAU - Onitsuka, I
AU  - Onitsuka I
FAU - Maeda, R
AU  - Maeda R
FAU - Maeno, M
AU  - Maeno M
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - England
TA  - Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol
JT  - Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & molecular biology
JID - 9516061
RN  - 0 (Actins)
RN  - 0 (Cytoskeletal Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Glycoproteins)
RN  - 0 (Goosecoid Protein)
RN  - 0 (Homeodomain Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins)
RN  - 0 (LIM-Homeodomain Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Lhx1 protein, Xenopus)
RN  - 0 (MSX1 Transcription Factor)
RN  - 0 (MSX1 protein, Xenopus)
RN  - 0 (MyoD Protein)
RN  - 0 (Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Fusion Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Repressor Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Transcription Factors)
RN  - 0 (Wnt Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Xenopus Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Zebrafish Proteins)
RN  - 0 (wnt8a protein, zebrafish)
RN  - 63231-63-0 (RNA)
RN  - 93586-27-7 (chordin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Actins/genetics
MH  - Animals
MH  - Body Patterning/*genetics/physiology
MH  - Cytoskeletal Proteins
MH  - Female
MH  - *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
MH  - *Glycoproteins
MH  - Goosecoid Protein
MH  - Homeodomain Proteins/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - In Situ Hybridization
MH  - *Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
MH  - LIM-Homeodomain Proteins
MH  - MSX1 Transcription Factor
MH  - Microinjections
MH  - MyoD Protein/genetics
MH  - Organizers, Embryonic
MH  - Promoter Regions, Genetic
MH  - Proteins/genetics
MH  - RNA/genetics
MH  - Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
MH  - *Repressor Proteins
MH  - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Sequence Deletion
MH  - *Transcription Factors
MH  - Wnt Proteins
MH  - Xenopus Proteins
MH  - Xenopus laevis/*embryology/*genetics
MH  - Zebrafish Proteins
EDAT- 2000/06/30 11:00
MHDA- 2000/09/19 11:01
CRDT- 2000/06/30 11:00
PHST- 2000/06/30 11:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2000/09/19 11:01 [medline]
PHST- 2000/06/30 11:00 [entrez]
AID - S0305049100001942 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/s0305-0491(00)00194-2 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 2000 Jun;126(2):157-68. doi: 
      10.1016/s0305-0491(00)00194-2.