PMID- 10879655
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20001031
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 0270-4145 (Print)
IS  - 0270-4145 (Linking)
VI  - 20
IP  - 1
DP  - 2000 Jan-Mar
TI  - Expression and activity of protein kinase C isoenzymes during normal and abnormal 
      murine palate development.
PG  - 26-34
AB  - Protein kinase C (PKC) plays a critical role in signal transduction, mediating 
      various cellular events critical for normal development, including that of the 
      palate. In vivo and in vitro studies suggest the relevance of the inhibition of 
      PKC by the mycotoxin, secalonic acid D (SAD), to its induction of cleft palate 
      (CP) in mice. In the present study, temporal and spatial expression and the 
      activity of various PKC isoenzymes were studied in the control and SAD-exposed 
      murine embryonic palate during gestational days (GD) 12-14.5 by western blotting, 
      immunohistochemistry, and phosphotransfer assay. The Ca2+-dependent isoenzymes, 
      PKC alpha and PKC betaII, showed significant expression on GD 12.0, which 
      gradually decreased through GD 14.5, whereas PKC betaI and PKC gamma were 
      negligible throughout. All Ca2+-independent isoenzymes (epsilon, delta, and zeta) 
      were expressed more abundantly and, in contrast to the Ca2+-dependent ones, 
      progressively increased with age. SAD failed to alter this pattern of expression 
      but enhanced the phosphorylation of PKC epsilon throughout development. 
      Immunohistochemical analysis revealed an isoenzyme-specific distribution of PKC 
      between the epithelium and mesenchyme. As expected, SAD significantly inhibited 
      the total Ca2+-dependent PKC activity in palatal extracts. Although total 
      Ca2+-independent PKC activity in palatal extracts was unaffected by SAD, 
      individual pure isoenzymes were either selectively inhibited (PKC zeta), 
      stimulated (PKC delta), or unaffected (PKC epsilon) by SAD. These results show 
      that PKC isoenzymes exhibit dynamic temporal and spatial patterns of expression 
      and activity in the developing palate and that the induction of CP by SAD is 
      associated with an alteration in their activation and/or activity.
FAU - Balasubramanian, G
AU  - Balasubramanian G
AD  - Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, 
      65211, USA.
FAU - Amann, J F
AU  - Amann JF
FAU - Reddy, C S
AU  - Reddy CS
LA  - eng
GR  - DEOD 11822/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PL  - Denmark
TA  - J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol
JT  - Journal of craniofacial genetics and developmental biology
JID - 8109845
RN  - 0 (Isoenzymes)
RN  - 0 (Xanthenes)
RN  - 0 (Xanthones)
RN  - 56283-72-8 (secalonic acid)
RN  - EC 2.7.- (Phosphotransferases)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.- (Prkcd protein, mouse)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.- (Prkce protein, mouse)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.13 (Prkca protein, mouse)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.13 (Protein Kinase C)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.13 (Protein Kinase C beta)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.13 (Protein Kinase C-alpha)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.13 (Protein Kinase C-delta)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.13 (Protein Kinase C-epsilon)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Blotting, Western
MH  - Cleft Palate/genetics/metabolism/pathology
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Female
MH  - Immunohistochemistry
MH  - *Isoenzymes/metabolism
MH  - Male
MH  - Mice
MH  - Palate/abnormalities/embryology/enzymology
MH  - Phosphorylation
MH  - Phosphotransferases/metabolism
MH  - Protein Kinase C/*biosynthesis/chemistry/*metabolism
MH  - Protein Kinase C beta
MH  - Protein Kinase C-alpha
MH  - Protein Kinase C-delta
MH  - Protein Kinase C-epsilon
MH  - Signal Transduction
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Tissue Distribution
MH  - Xanthenes/metabolism/pharmacology
MH  - *Xanthones
EDAT- 2000/07/06 11:00
MHDA- 2001/02/28 10:01
CRDT- 2000/07/06 11:00
PHST- 2000/07/06 11:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2001/02/28 10:01 [medline]
PHST- 2000/07/06 11:00 [entrez]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol. 2000 Jan-Mar;20(1):26-34.