PMID- 10965909
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20000921
LR  - 20190613
IS  - 0013-7227 (Print)
IS  - 0013-7227 (Linking)
VI  - 141
IP  - 9
DP  - 2000 Sep
TI  - Molecular cloning of growth hormone-releasing hormone/pituitary adenylyl 
      cyclase-activating polypeptide in the frog Xenopus laevis: brain distribution and 
      regulation after castration.
PG  - 3366-76
AB  - Pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) appears to regulate several 
      neuroendocrine functions in the frog, but its messenger RNA (mRNA) structure and 
      brain distribution are unknown. To understand the potential role of PACAP in the 
      male frog hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, we cloned the frog Xenopus laevis 
      PACAP mRNA and determined its distribution in the brain. We then analyzed the 
      castration-induced alterations of mRNA expression for PACAP and its selective 
      type I receptor (PAC1) in the hypothalamic anterior preoptic area, a region known 
      to regulate reproductive function. The PACAP mRNA encodes a peptide precursor 
      predicted to give rise to both GH-releasing hormone and PACAP. The deduced 
      peptide sequence of PACAP-38 was nearly identical to that of human PACAP with one 
      amino acid substitution. Abundant PACAP mRNA was detected in the brain, but not 
      several other tissues, including the testis. In situ hybridization revealed 
      strong expression of the PACAP gene in the dorsal pallium, ventral hypothalamus, 
      and nuclei of cerebellum. PACAP mRNA signals were weak to moderate in the 
      hypothalamic anterior preoptic area and were absent in the pituitary. Castration 
      induced an increase in the expression of PACAP and PAC1 receptor mRNAs in the 
      hypothalamic anterior preoptic area after 3 days. Replacement with testosterone 
      prevented the castration-induced changes. These results provide a molecular basis 
      for studying the physiological functions of PACAP in frog brain and suggest that 
      PACAP may be involved in the feedback regulation of 
      hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.
FAU - Hu, Z
AU  - Hu Z
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Mental Retardation Research Center, University of 
      California School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90024-1759, USA.
FAU - Lelievre, V
AU  - Lelievre V
FAU - Tam, J
AU  - Tam J
FAU - Cheng, J W
AU  - Cheng JW
FAU - Fuenzalida, G
AU  - Fuenzalida G
FAU - Zhou, X
AU  - Zhou X
FAU - Waschek, J A
AU  - Waschek JA
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AF187877
SI  - GENBANK/AF187878
GR  - HD-0461/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
GR  - HD-06576/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
GR  - HD-34475/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PL  - United States
TA  - Endocrinology
JT  - Endocrinology
JID - 0375040
RN  - 0 (ADCYAP1 protein, Xenopus)
RN  - 0 (ADCYAP1 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Complementary)
RN  - 0 (Neuropeptides)
RN  - 0 (Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 0 (Xenopus Proteins)
RN  - 3XMK78S47O (Testosterone)
RN  - 9034-39-3 (Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Animals
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Blotting, Northern
MH  - Brain Chemistry/*physiology
MH  - Cloning, Molecular
MH  - DNA, Complementary/biosynthesis/genetics
MH  - Feedback/physiology
MH  - Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone/*biosynthesis
MH  - Humans
MH  - In Situ Hybridization
MH  - Larva
MH  - Male
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Neuropeptides/*biosynthesis
MH  - *Orchiectomy
MH  - Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide
MH  - Preoptic Area/metabolism
MH  - RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
MH  - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Testosterone/pharmacology
MH  - Tissue Distribution
MH  - Up-Regulation
MH  - Xenopus Proteins
MH  - Xenopus laevis
EDAT- 2000/08/31 11:00
MHDA- 2000/09/23 11:01
CRDT- 2000/08/31 11:00
PHST- 2000/08/31 11:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2000/09/23 11:01 [medline]
PHST- 2000/08/31 11:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1210/endo.141.9.7663 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Endocrinology. 2000 Sep;141(9):3366-76. doi: 10.1210/endo.141.9.7663.