PMID- 11002264
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20010215
LR  - 20191210
IS  - 0196-4763 (Print)
IS  - 0196-4763 (Linking)
VI  - 41
IP  - 2
DP  - 2000 Oct 1
TI  - Assessment of electroporation by flow cytometry.
PG  - 96-101
AB  - BACKGROUND: Electroporation accomplishes transient permeabilization of cells and 
      thus aids in the uptake of drugs. The method has been employed clinically in the 
      treatment of dermatological tumors with bleomycin. The conditions of 
      electroporation are still largely empirical and information is lacking as to the 
      interrelationships among voltage pulse height, pulse number and toxicity, cell 
      permeation, drug uptake, and effects on drug toxicity. We used propidium iodide 
      (PI) and flow cytometry to define cell permeation into cytoplasmic and nuclear 
      compartments to determine the improvements of drug toxicity that can be 
      accomplished by electroporation. METHODS: Human squamous carcinoma cells of 
      defined TP53 status and normal human epithelial cells were subjected to 
      electroporation using a square wave pulse generator in the range of 0-5,000 V/cm. 
      Flow cytometry served to establish entry of the drug reporter, PI, into the 
      cytoplasm and nucleus. A dye staining method served to establish cell survival 
      and to determine the toxicity of bleomycin alone, electroporation alone, and 
      electroporation with bleomycin. RESULTS: The electric field intensity (EFI) 
      required to produce 50% permeabilization (EP(50)) is cell type dependent. The 
      EP(50) varied from 1,465 to 2,027 V/cm. An EFI below 900 V/cm is growth 
      stimulatory whereas an EFI in excess of 1,000 V/cm is growth inhibitory. An EFI 
      of 1,000 V/cm is sufficient to increase bleomycin toxicity by a factor of 2-3. A 
      differential electroporation efficiency is observed between normal and tumor 
      cells. CONCLUSIONS: Tumor cells can be targeted preferentially at electroporation 
      voltages where normal cells are less permeable.
CI  - Copyright 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
FAU - Michie, J
AU  - Michie J
AD  - Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa.
FAU - Janssens, D
AU  - Janssens D
FAU - Cilliers, J
AU  - Cilliers J
FAU - Smit, B J
AU  - Smit BJ
FAU - Bohm, L
AU  - Bohm L
LA  - eng
PT  - Evaluation Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Cytometry
JT  - Cytometry
JID - 8102328
RN  - 0 (Antibiotics, Antineoplastic)
RN  - 0 (Indicators and Reagents)
RN  - 0 (Intercalating Agents)
RN  - 11056-06-7 (Bleomycin)
RN  - 36015-30-2 (Propidium)
RN  - 9007-49-2 (DNA)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
MH  - Bleomycin/pharmacology
MH  - Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - *Cell Membrane Permeability
MH  - Cell Survival/drug effects
MH  - DNA/metabolism
MH  - Electrochemistry
MH  - Electroporation/*methods
MH  - *Flow Cytometry
MH  - Humans
MH  - Indicators and Reagents/metabolism/pharmacology
MH  - Intercalating Agents/metabolism/pharmacology
MH  - Nuclear Envelope/metabolism
MH  - Permeability
MH  - Propidium/metabolism/*pharmacology
MH  - Tumor Cells, Cultured
EDAT- 2000/09/26 11:00
MHDA- 2001/03/03 10:01
CRDT- 2000/09/26 11:00
PHST- 2000/09/26 11:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2001/03/03 10:01 [medline]
PHST- 2000/09/26 11:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1002/1097-0320(20001001)41:2<96::AID-CYTO3>3.0.CO;2-F [pii]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Cytometry. 2000 Oct 1;41(2):96-101.