PMID- 11099460
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20010208
LR  - 20220309
IS  - 0892-6638 (Print)
IS  - 0892-6638 (Linking)
VI  - 14
IP  - 15
DP  - 2000 Dec
TI  - Transport mechanisms in acetylcholine and monoamine storage.
PG  - 2423-34
AB  - Sequence-related vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) and vesicular 
      monoamine transporter (VMAT) transport neurotransmitter substrates into secretory 
      vesicles. This review seeks to identify shared and differentiated aspects of the 
      transport mechanisms. VAChT and VMAT exchange two protons per substrate molecule 
      with very similar initial velocity kinetics and pH dependencies. However, 
      vesicular gradients of ACh in vivo are much smaller than the driving force for 
      uptake and vesicular gradients of monoamines, suggesting the existence of a 
      regulatory mechanism in ACh storage not found in monoamine storage. The 
      importance of microscopic rather than macroscopic kinetics in structure-function 
      analysis is described. Transporter regions affecting binding or translocation of 
      substrates, inhibitors, and protons have been found with photoaffinity labeling, 
      chimeras, and single-site mutations. VAChT and VMAT exhibit partial structural 
      and mechanistic homology with lactose permease, which belongs to the same 
      sequence-defined superfamily, despite opposite directions of substrate transport. 
      The vesicular transporters translocate the first proton using homologous 
      aspartates in putative transmembrane domain X (ten), but they translocate the 
      second proton using unknown residues that might not be conserved between them. 
      Comparative analysis of the VAChT and VMAT transport mechanisms will aid 
      understanding of regulation in neurotransmitter storage.
FAU - Parsons, S M
AU  - Parsons SM
AD  - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa 
      Barbara, California 93106, USA. parsons@chem.ucsb.edu
LA  - eng
GR  - NS15047/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - FASEB J
JT  - FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for 
      Experimental Biology
JID - 8804484
RN  - 0 (Biogenic Monoamines)
RN  - 0 (Carrier Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Membrane Glycoproteins)
RN  - 0 (Membrane Transport Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Neuropeptides)
RN  - 0 (Vesicular Acetylcholine Transport Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Vesicular Biogenic Amine Transport Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Vesicular Monoamine Transport Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Vesicular Transport Proteins)
RN  - N9YNS0M02X (Acetylcholine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Acetylcholine/*metabolism
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Biogenic Monoamines/*metabolism
MH  - Biological Transport
MH  - Carrier Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism
MH  - Membrane Glycoproteins/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism
MH  - *Membrane Transport Proteins
MH  - Models, Chemical
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - *Neuropeptides
MH  - Thermodynamics
MH  - Vesicular Acetylcholine Transport Proteins
MH  - Vesicular Biogenic Amine Transport Proteins
MH  - Vesicular Monoamine Transport Proteins
MH  - *Vesicular Transport Proteins
RF  - 84
EDAT- 2000/12/02 11:00
MHDA- 2001/03/03 10:01
CRDT- 2000/12/02 11:00
PHST- 2000/12/02 11:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2001/03/03 10:01 [medline]
PHST- 2000/12/02 11:00 [entrez]
AID - 14/15/2423 [pii]
AID - 10.1096/fj.00-0203rev [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - FASEB J. 2000 Dec;14(15):2423-34. doi: 10.1096/fj.00-0203rev.