PMID- 11101268
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20010531
LR  - 20191104
IS  - 1440-2440 (Print)
IS  - 1878-1861 (Linking)
VI  - 3
IP  - 3
DP  - 2000 Sep
TI  - Gender differences in metabolism; nutrition and supplements.
PG  - 287-98
AB  - For many decades researchers did not consider that there were any differences 
      between the genders in the metabolic response to exercise. As a result, 
      nutritional recommendations and exercise training prescriptions have not 
      considered the potential for gender specific responses. More recently, we and 
      others have demonstrated that females oxidize proportionately more lipid and less 
      carbohydrate during endurance exercise as compared to males. The oxidation of 
      amino acids is similarly lower in females as compared to males during exercise. 
      These gender differences are partially mediated by a higher estrogen 
      concentration in females. Specific areas where there are gender differences in 
      nutritional/supplement recommendations include carbohydrate (CHO) nutrition, 
      protein requirements and creatine (CRM) supplementation. We have shown that 
      females do not carbohydrate load in response to an increase in dietary 
      carbohydrate when expressed as a percentage of total energy intake (i.e., 
      55-75%), however if they consume >8 g CHOxkg(-1)xd(-1), they show similar 
      increases as compared to males. Top sport male and female athletes require 
      somewhat more dietary protein as compared to sedentary persons. The maximal 
      increase is approximately 100% for elite male athletes and approximately 50-60% 
      for elite female athletes. Fortunately, most athletes habitually consume this 
      level of protein intake. We have recently demonstrated that females show a lesser 
      increase in lean body mass following acute CRM loading as compared to males. 
      Females also did not show reductions in protein breakdown in response to CRM 
      loading, whereas males did. In the future I expect that there will be further 
      research from which gender specific nutritional/supplement recommendations can be 
      made.
FAU - Tarnopolsky, M A
AU  - Tarnopolsky MA
AD  - McMaster University, Department of Medicine, (Neurology and Rehabilitation), 
      McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - Australia
TA  - J Sci Med Sport
JT  - Journal of science and medicine in sport
JID - 9812598
RN  - 0 (Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Carbohydrate Metabolism
MH  - Dietary Supplements
MH  - *Energy Metabolism
MH  - Exercise/*physiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Lipid Metabolism
MH  - Male
MH  - Muscles/metabolism
MH  - Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
MH  - Oxygen Consumption
MH  - Proteins/metabolism
MH  - *Sex Characteristics
RF  - 49
EDAT- 2000/12/02 11:00
MHDA- 2001/06/02 10:01
CRDT- 2000/12/02 11:00
PHST- 2000/12/02 11:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2001/06/02 10:01 [medline]
PHST- 2000/12/02 11:00 [entrez]
AID - S1440-2440(00)80038-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/s1440-2440(00)80038-9 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Sci Med Sport. 2000 Sep;3(3):287-98. doi: 10.1016/s1440-2440(00)80038-9.