PMID- 11119398
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20001222
LR  - 20190619
IS  - 0003-4819 (Print)
IS  - 0003-4819 (Linking)
VI  - 133
IP  - 12
DP  - 2000 Dec 19
TI  - Cardiovascular effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine. A double-blind, 
      placebo-controlled trial.
PG  - 969-73
AB  - BACKGROUND: The psychoactive stimulant 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), 
      also known as "ecstasy," is widely used in nonmedical settings. Little is known 
      about its cardiovascular effects. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the acute cardiovascular 
      effects of MDMA by using transthoracic two-dimensional and Doppler 
      echocardiography. DESIGN: Four-session, ascending-dose, double-blind, 
      placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: Urban hospital. PATIENTS: Eight healthy adults 
      who self-reported MDMA use. INTERVENTION: Echocardiographic effects of dobutamine 
      (5, 20, and 40 microg/kg of body weight per minute) were measured in a 
      preliminary session. Oral MDMA (0.5 and 1.5 mg/kg of body weight) or placebo was 
      administered 1 hour before echocardiographic measurements in three weekly 
      sessions. MEASUREMENTS: Heart rate and blood pressure were measured at regular 
      intervals before and after MDMA administration. Echocardiographic measures of 
      stroke volume, ejection fraction, cardiac output, and meridional wall stress were 
      obtained 1 hour after MDMA administration and during dobutamine infusions. 
      RESULTS: At a dose of 1.5 mg/kg, MDMA increased mean heart rate (by 28 
      beats/min), systolic blood pressure (by 25 mm Hg), diastolic blood pressure (by 7 
      mm Hg), and cardiac output (by 2 L/min). The effects of MDMA were similar to 
      those of dobutamine, 20 and 40 microg/kg per minute. Inotropism, measured by 
      using meridional wall stress corrected for ejection fraction, decreased after 
      administration of dobutamine, 40 microg/kg per minute, but did not change after 
      either dose of MDMA. CONCLUSIONS: Modest oral doses of MDMA increase heart rate, 
      blood pressure, and myocardial oxygen consumption in a magnitude similar to 
      dobutamine, 20 to 40 microg/kg per minute. In contrast to dobutamine, MDMA has no 
      measurable inotropic effects.
FAU - Lester, S J
AU  - Lester SJ
AD  - Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, Cardiology 3A, 13400 East Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, AZ 
      85259, USA.
FAU - Baggott, M
AU  - Baggott M
FAU - Welm, S
AU  - Welm S
FAU - Schiller, N B
AU  - Schiller NB
FAU - Jones, R T
AU  - Jones RT
FAU - Foster, E
AU  - Foster E
FAU - Mendelson, J
AU  - Mendelson J
LA  - eng
GR  - DA00053/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - DA01696/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - RR-00079/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Clinical Trial
PT  - Controlled Clinical Trial
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PL  - United States
TA  - Ann Intern Med
JT  - Annals of internal medicine
JID - 0372351
RN  - 0 (Hallucinogens)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Administration, Oral
MH  - Adult
MH  - Analysis of Variance
MH  - Blood Pressure/drug effects
MH  - Cardiac Output/drug effects
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Double-Blind Method
MH  - Echocardiography, Doppler
MH  - Female
MH  - Hallucinogens/administration & dosage/*adverse effects
MH  - Heart Rate/drug effects
MH  - Hemodynamics/*drug effects
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/administration & dosage/*adverse effects
MH  - Oxygen Consumption/drug effects
MH  - Stroke Volume/drug effects
EDAT- 2000/12/19 11:00
MHDA- 2001/02/28 10:01
CRDT- 2000/12/19 11:00
PHST- 2000/12/19 11:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2001/02/28 10:01 [medline]
PHST- 2000/12/19 11:00 [entrez]
AID - 200012190-00012 [pii]
AID - 10.7326/0003-4819-133-12-200012190-00012 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Ann Intern Med. 2000 Dec 19;133(12):969-73. doi: 
      10.7326/0003-4819-133-12-200012190-00012.