PMID- 11140435
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20010301
LR  - 20191104
IS  - 1053-4245 (Print)
IS  - 1053-4245 (Linking)
VI  - 10
IP  - 6 Pt 1
DP  - 2000 Nov-Dec
TI  - Adult proxy responses to a survey of children's dermal soil contact activities.
PG  - 509-17
AB  - Contaminated site cleanup decisions may require estimation of dermal exposures to 
      soil. Telephone surveys represent one means of obtaining relevant activity 
      pattern data. The initial Soil Contact Survey (SCS-I), which primarily gathered 
      information on the activities of adults, was conducted in 1996. Data describing 
      adult behaviors have been previously reported. Results from a second Soil Contact 
      Survey (SCS-II), performed in 1998-1999 and focused on children's activity 
      patterns, are reported here. Telephone surveys were used to query a randomly 
      selected sample of U.S. households. A randomly chosen child, under the age of 18 
      years, was targeted in each responding household having children. Play activities 
      as well as bathing patterns were investigated to quantify total exposure time, 
      defined as activity time plus delay until washing. Of 680 total survey 
      respondents, 500 (73.5%) reported that their child played outdoors on bare dirt 
      or mixed grass and dirt surfaces. Among these "players," the median reported play 
      frequency was 7 days/week in warm weather and 3 days/week in cold weather. Median 
      play duration was 3 h/day in warm weather and 1 h/day in cold weather. Hand 
      washes were reported to occur a median of 4 times per day in both warm and cold 
      weather months. Bath or shower median frequency was seven times per week in both 
      warm and cold weather. Finally, based on clothing choice data gathered in SCS-I, 
      a median of about 37% of total skin surface is estimated to be exposed during 
      young children's warm weather outdoor play.
FAU - Wong, E Y
AU  - Wong EY
AD  - Department of Environmental Health, University of Washington, Seattle 98195-7234, 
      USA.
FAU - Shirai, J H
AU  - Shirai JH
FAU - Garlock, T J
AU  - Garlock TJ
FAU - Kissel, J C
AU  - Kissel JC
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
PL  - England
TA  - J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol
JT  - Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology
JID - 9111438
RN  - 0 (Soil Pollutants)
SB  - IM
MH  - Activities of Daily Living
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Child
MH  - *Child Welfare
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Climate
MH  - Environmental Exposure/*analysis
MH  - Female
MH  - *Health Surveys
MH  - Humans
MH  - Infant
MH  - Infant, Newborn
MH  - Male
MH  - Proxy
MH  - Soil Pollutants/*adverse effects
MH  - Weather
EDAT- 2001/01/05 11:00
MHDA- 2001/03/07 10:01
CRDT- 2001/01/05 11:00
PHST- 2001/01/05 11:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2001/03/07 10:01 [medline]
PHST- 2001/01/05 11:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1038/sj.jea.7500110 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 2000 Nov-Dec;10(6 Pt 1):509-17. doi: 
      10.1038/sj.jea.7500110.