PMID- 11165528
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20010322
LR  - 20190921
IS  - 1388-2457 (Print)
IS  - 1388-2457 (Linking)
VI  - 112
IP  - 2
DP  - 2001 Feb
TI  - Motor control in simple bimanual movements: a transcranial magnetic stimulation 
      and reaction time study.
PG  - 265-74
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Simple reaction time (RT) can be influenced by transcranial magnetic 
      stimulation (TMS) to the motor cortex. Since TMS differentially affects RT of 
      ipsilateral and contralateral muscles a combined RT and TMS investigation sheds 
      light on cortical motor control of bimanual movements. METHODS: Ten normal 
      subjects and one subject with congenital mirror movements (MM) were investigated 
      with a RT paradigm in which they had to move one or both hands in response to a 
      visual go-signal. Suprathreshold TMS was applied to the motor cortex ipsilateral 
      or contralateral to the moving hand at various interstimulus intervals (ISIs) 
      after presentation of the go-signal. EMG recordings from the thenar muscles of 
      both hands were used to determine the RT. RESULTS: TMS applied to the ipsilateral 
      motor cortex shortened RT when TMS was delivered simultaneously with the 
      go-signal. With increasing ISI between TMS and go-signal the RT was progressively 
      delayed. This delay was more pronounced if TMS was applied contralateral to the 
      moving hand. When normal subjects performed bimanual movements the TMS-induced 
      changes in RT were essentially the same as if they had used the hand in an 
      unimanual task. In the subject with MM, TMS given at the time of the go-signal 
      facilitated both the voluntary and the MM. With increasing ISI, however, RT for 
      voluntary movements and MM increased in parallel. CONCLUSIONS: Ipsilateral TMS 
      affects the timing of hand movements to the same extent regardless of whether the 
      hand is engaged in an unimanual or a bimanual movement. It can be concluded, 
      therefore, that in normal subjects simple bimanual movements are controlled by 
      each motor cortex independently. The results obtained in the subject with MM are 
      consistent with the hypothesis that mirror movements originate from uncrossed 
      corticospinal fibres. The alternative hypothesis that a deficit in transcallosal 
      inhibition leads to MM in the contralateral motor cortex is not compatible with 
      the presented data, because TMS applied to the motor cortex ipsilateral to a 
      voluntary moved hand affected voluntary movements and MM to the same extent.
FAU - Foltys, H
AU  - Foltys H
AD  - Department of Neurology, University Hospital RWTH, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52057, 
      Aachen, Germany.
FAU - Sparing, R
AU  - Sparing R
FAU - Boroojerdi, B
AU  - Boroojerdi B
FAU - Krings, T
AU  - Krings T
FAU - Meister, I G
AU  - Meister IG
FAU - Mottaghy, F M
AU  - Mottaghy FM
FAU - Topper, R
AU  - Topper R
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Clin Neurophysiol
JT  - Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of 
      Clinical Neurophysiology
JID - 100883319
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Electromyography
MH  - Hand/*physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Motor Cortex/*physiology
MH  - Movement/*physiology
MH  - Movement Disorders/congenital/physiopathology
MH  - Muscle, Skeletal/physiology
MH  - Physical Stimulation
MH  - Reaction Time/physiology
MH  - Reference Values
MH  - Thumb
MH  - Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
EDAT- 2001/02/13 11:00
MHDA- 2001/03/27 10:01
CRDT- 2001/02/13 11:00
PHST- 2001/02/13 11:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2001/03/27 10:01 [medline]
PHST- 2001/02/13 11:00 [entrez]
AID - S1388-2457(00)00539-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/s1388-2457(00)00539-3 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Neurophysiol. 2001 Feb;112(2):265-74. doi: 10.1016/s1388-2457(00)00539-3.