PMID- 11244134
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20010719
LR  - 20210702
IS  - 1046-199X (Print)
IS  - 1046-199X (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 1
DP  - 2001 Mar
TI  - Dermal exposure to cinnamaldehyde alters lymphocyte subpopulations, number of 
      interferon-gamma-producing cells, and expression of B7 costimulatory molecules 
      and cytokine messenger RNAs in auricular lymph nodes of B6C3F1 mice.
PG  - 6-17
AB  - BACKGROUND: Although the Murine Local Lymph Node Assay (LLNA) is efficient in 
      identifying chemicals with sensitizing potential, there is increasing need for 
      alternative end points. Cinnamaldehyde (CIN) was chosen for evaluation based on 
      its moderate potency and extensive use in fragrance materials. OBJECTIVES: The 
      purpose of the present studies is to incorporate some alternative end points, 
      such as phenotypic analysis and cytokine production, into a modified 
      LLNA/irritancy assay (IA) to evaluate the sensitization of female B6C3F1 mice to 
      CIN. METHODS: Several nontraditional end points, including the analysis of 
      lymphocyte subpopulations, B7 costimulatory molecule and cytokine messenger RNA 
      (mRNA) expression, and intracellular interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) levels, were 
      incorporated into a modified murine local lymph node (LLNA)/irritancy assay (IA) 
      to evaluate the sensitization of female B6C3F1 mice to cinnamaldehyde (CIN). 
      RESULTS: The alternate end points used in these studies support the 
      classification of CIN as a moderately potent sensitizer. Dermal treatment with 
      CIN resulted in an increase in the percentage of B cells in the auricular lymph 
      nodes (ALNs) and expression of the costimulatory molecule, B7-2, on B cells. 
      Lymph node cells also showed increased transforming growth factor-beta1, 
      migration-inhibition factor, and mild increases in IFN-gamma and interleukin-2 
      cytokine mRNA expression. Although the increase in IFN-gamma mRNA expression did 
      not translate into increased intracellular IFN-gamma levels, the absolute number 
      of T cells producing IFN-gamma in the ALNs increased. Conversely, the MEST did 
      not classify CIN as a contact allergen. CONCLUSION: The nontraditional end points 
      used in the LLNA/IA were not as sensitive as the traditional radioisotope method 
      used to assess cell proliferation. However, they may help identify compounds 
      inappropriately classified as sensitizers or nonsensitizers by the LLNA and MEST.
CI  - Copyright 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company
FAU - Karrow, N A
AU  - Karrow NA
AD  - Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 
      Richmond, VA 23298-6013, USA.
FAU - Leffel, E K
AU  - Leffel EK
FAU - Guo, T L
AU  - Guo TL
FAU - Zhang, L X
AU  - Zhang LX
FAU - McCay, J A
AU  - McCay JA
FAU - Germolec, D R
AU  - Germolec DR
FAU - White, K L Jr
AU  - White KL Jr
LA  - eng
GR  - ES55387/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Evaluation Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PL  - Canada
TA  - Am J Contact Dermat
JT  - American journal of contact dermatitis : official journal of the American Contact 
      Dermatitis Society
JID - 9100472
RN  - 0 (Allergens)
RN  - 0 (Antigens, CD)
RN  - 0 (B7-2 Antigen)
RN  - 0 (Cd86 protein, mouse)
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Membrane Glycoproteins)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 7864XYD3JJ (Acrolein)
RN  - 82115-62-6 (Interferon-gamma)
RN  - SR60A3XG0F (cinnamaldehyde)
SB  - IM
MH  - Acrolein/*analogs & derivatives/*pharmacology
MH  - Allergens/*pharmacology
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antigens, CD/drug effects
MH  - B7-2 Antigen
MH  - Cytokines/drug effects
MH  - Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/*diagnosis
MH  - Ear, External
MH  - Female
MH  - Interferon-gamma/drug effects
MH  - Lymph Nodes/drug effects
MH  - Lymphocyte Subsets/*drug effects
MH  - Membrane Glycoproteins/drug effects
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred Strains
MH  - Predictive Value of Tests
MH  - RNA, Messenger/drug effects
MH  - Skin Test End-Point Titration/*standards
EDAT- 2001/03/13 10:00
MHDA- 2001/07/20 10:01
CRDT- 2001/03/13 10:00
PHST- 2001/03/13 10:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2001/07/20 10:01 [medline]
PHST- 2001/03/13 10:00 [entrez]
AID - S1046-199X(01)61606-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1053/ajcd.2001.0120006 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Am J Contact Dermat. 2001 Mar;12(1):6-17. doi: 10.1053/ajcd.2001.0120006.