PMID- 11245493
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20010329
LR  - 20220317
IS  - 0008-5472 (Print)
IS  - 0008-5472 (Linking)
VI  - 61
IP  - 4
DP  - 2001 Feb 15
TI  - Identification of a proviral structure in human breast cancer.
PG  - 1754-9
AB  - Involvement of a virus similar to mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) in human 
      breast cancer has long been postulated but never demonstrated. We have detected 
      by PCR a 660-bp sequence similar to the env gene of MMTV but not to the known 
      endogenous viruses, in 38% of human breast cancers examined (Wang et al., Cancer 
      Res., 55: 5173-5179, 1995). This sequence was expressed in 66% of the 
      env-positive tumors as detected by reverse transcription-PCR (Wang et al., Clin. 
      Cancer Res., 4: 2565-2568, 1998). In this article we report the amplification of 
      a whole proviral structure from each of two human breast carcinomas that were env 
      positive. Using nested extra-long PCR and primers from specific MMTV sequences, 
      overlapping env-long terminal repeat (LTR), LTR-gag, gag-pol, and pol-env 
      segments were successfully amplified. The 9.9-kb provirus is 95% homologous to 
      MMTV but only 57% to human endogenous retrovirus K10 in 3.5 kb of the gag and pol 
      genes. The provirus displays typical features of a replication competent virus, 
      plus the open reading frame for the superantigen and the glucocorticoid 
      responsive element. Fluorescence in situ hybridization with a 2.7-kb env-LTR 
      sequence of an env-positive breast cancer cell line revealed that the sequence is 
      inserted in several chromosomes but not in chromosomes from normal breast cells. 
      The origin of the MMTV-like sequences is uncertain. Because they are undetectable 
      in normal tissues, because the similarity between the two isolates is high (96%), 
      and because they maintain open reading frames, they appear to be exogenous.
FAU - Liu, B
AU  - Liu B
AD  - Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, 
      USA.
FAU - Wang, Y
AU  - Wang Y
FAU - Melana, S M
AU  - Melana SM
FAU - Pelisson, I
AU  - Pelisson I
FAU - Najfeld, V
AU  - Najfeld V
FAU - Holland, J F
AU  - Holland JF
FAU - Pogo, B G
AU  - Pogo BG
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Cancer Res
JT  - Cancer research
JID - 2984705R
RN  - 0 (Fusion Proteins, gag-pol)
RN  - 0 (Viral Proteins)
RN  - 145715-39-5 (gene 9 protein, Rotavirus B)
SB  - IM
MH  - Breast Neoplasms/*virology
MH  - Cloning, Molecular
MH  - Endogenous Retroviruses/genetics
MH  - Fusion Proteins, gag-pol/genetics
MH  - Genes, env/genetics
MH  - Genes, gag/genetics
MH  - Humans
MH  - In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
MH  - Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/genetics
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Proviruses/*genetics
MH  - Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
MH  - Terminal Repeat Sequences
MH  - Tumor Cells, Cultured
MH  - Viral Proteins
EDAT- 2001/03/14 10:00
MHDA- 2001/04/03 10:01
CRDT- 2001/03/14 10:00
PHST- 2001/03/14 10:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2001/04/03 10:01 [medline]
PHST- 2001/03/14 10:00 [entrez]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Cancer Res. 2001 Feb 15;61(4):1754-9.