PMID- 11292711
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20010510
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 0019-9567 (Print)
IS  - 1098-5522 (Electronic)
IS  - 0019-9567 (Linking)
VI  - 69
IP  - 5
DP  - 2001 May
TI  - Interleukin-4 is essential for the control of microfilariae in murine infection 
      with the filaria Litomosoides sigmodontis.
PG  - 2950-6
AB  - Litomosoides sigmodontis is the only filaria which develops from infective larvae 
      into microfilaria-producing adults in immunocompetent laboratory mice. In this 
      study we report that interleukin-4 knockout (IL-4 KO) mice have an up to 
      100-fold-higher and a significantly prolonged microfilaremia compared to 
      wild-type BALB/c mice, as well as 20 times more microfilariae in the thoracic 
      cavity, the site of infection. While worm development and adult worm persistence 
      were equivalent in IL-4 KO and wild-type mice, the fertility and length of adult 
      female worms in IL-4 KO mice was clearly enhanced. The high susceptibility to 
      microfilariae in IL-4 KO mice required the presence of adult worms in a full 
      infection cycle since microfilariae loads did not differ much between IL-4 KO and 
      wild-type mice when purified microfilariae were injected into mice. In addition, 
      we found that eosinophilia was diminished and immunoglobulin E (IgE) was absent 
      in IL-4 KO mice. IgE, however, does not seem to be the essential factor for 
      microfilarial containment since microfilaremia was not elevated in B-cell KO 
      mice. In conclusion, IL-4 is shown for the first time to be essential for the 
      control of microfilarial loads but not of adult worm loads in a fully permissive 
      murine filarial infection. IL-4 dependent effector pathways seem to operate on 
      adult worms rather than directly on microfilariae.
FAU - Volkmann, L
AU  - Volkmann L
AD  - Department of Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 
      Hamburg, Germany.
FAU - Saeftel, M
AU  - Saeftel M
FAU - Bain, O
AU  - Bain O
FAU - Fischer, K
AU  - Fischer K
FAU - Fleischer, B
AU  - Fleischer B
FAU - Hoerauf, A
AU  - Hoerauf A
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Infect Immun
JT  - Infection and immunity
JID - 0246127
RN  - 207137-56-2 (Interleukin-4)
RN  - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide)
RN  - 37341-29-0 (Immunoglobulin E)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Female
MH  - Fertility
MH  - Filariasis/*etiology
MH  - Filarioidea/physiology
MH  - Immunoglobulin E/biosynthesis
MH  - Interleukin-4/*physiology
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred BALB C
MH  - Mice, Knockout
MH  - Neutrophils/immunology
MH  - Nitric Oxide/biosynthesis
PMC - PMC98247
EDAT- 2001/04/09 10:00
MHDA- 2001/05/22 10:01
PMCR- 2001/05/01
CRDT- 2001/04/09 10:00
PHST- 2001/04/09 10:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2001/05/22 10:01 [medline]
PHST- 2001/04/09 10:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2001/05/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 1383 [pii]
AID - 10.1128/IAI.69.5.2950-2956.2001 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Infect Immun. 2001 May;69(5):2950-6. doi: 10.1128/IAI.69.5.2950-2956.2001.