PMID- 11347908
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20010719
LR  - 20190714
IS  - 0013-936X (Print)
IS  - 0013-936X (Linking)
VI  - 35
IP  - 6
DP  - 2001 Mar 15
TI  - The global distribution of PCBs and organochlorine pesticides in butter.
PG  - 1013-8
AB  - In this study we explored the use of butter as a sampling matrix to reflect the 
      regional and global scale distribution of PCBs and selected organochlorine 
      pesticides/metabolites in air. This was because persistent organic pollutants 
      (POPs) concentrate in dairy fats, where concentrations are controlled by feed 
      intake (primarily from pasture/silage), which is in turn primarily controlled by 
      atmospheric deposition. Butter sigmaPCB concentrations varied by a factor of 
      approximately 60 in 63 samples from 23 countries. They were highest in European 
      and North American butter and lowest in southern hemisphere (Australian, New 
      Zealand) samples, consistent with known patterns of historical global usage and 
      estimated emissions. Concentrations in butter reflected differences in the 
      propensity of PCB congeners to undergo long range atmospheric transport from 
      global source regions to remote areas and the relatively even distribution of HCB 
      in the global atmosphere. Concentrations of p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, and HCH isomers 
      all varied over many orders of magnitude in the butter samples, with highest 
      levels in areas of current use (e.g. India and south/central America for DDT; 
      India, China, and Spain for HCH). We conclude that butter is sensitive to local, 
      regional, and global scale spatial and temporal atmospheric trends of many POPs 
      and may therefore provide a useful sampling medium for monitoring purposes. 
      However, to improve the quantitative information derived on air concentrations 
      requires an awareness of climatic and livestock management factors which 
      influence air-milk fat transfer processes.
FAU - Kalantzi, O I
AU  - Kalantzi OI
AD  - Environmental Science Department, Institute of Environmental and Natural 
      Sciences, Lancaster University, UK.
FAU - Alcock, R E
AU  - Alcock RE
FAU - Johnston, P A
AU  - Johnston PA
FAU - Santillo, D
AU  - Santillo D
FAU - Stringer, R L
AU  - Stringer RL
FAU - Thomas, G O
AU  - Thomas GO
FAU - Jones, K C
AU  - Jones KC
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Environ Sci Technol
JT  - Environmental science & technology
JID - 0213155
RN  - 0 (Pesticide Residues)
RN  - 8029-34-3 (Butter)
RN  - DFC2HB4I0K (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)
SB  - IM
MH  - Air Pollution/analysis
MH  - Animal Feed
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Butter
MH  - Cattle
MH  - Environmental Monitoring/*methods
MH  - Humans
MH  - Pesticide Residues/*analysis
MH  - Polychlorinated Biphenyls/*analysis
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
MH  - Time Factors
EDAT- 2001/05/12 10:00
MHDA- 2001/07/20 10:01
CRDT- 2001/05/12 10:00
PHST- 2001/05/12 10:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2001/07/20 10:01 [medline]
PHST- 2001/05/12 10:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1021/es0002464 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Sci Technol. 2001 Mar 15;35(6):1013-8. doi: 10.1021/es0002464.