PMID- 11428689
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20011025
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 0112-1642 (Print)
IS  - 0112-1642 (Linking)
VI  - 31
IP  - 7
DP  - 2001
TI  - Nutritional practices of male and female endurance cyclists.
PG  - 521-32
AB  - The nutritional requirements of the training and competition programmes of elite 
      endurance cyclists are challenging. Notwithstanding the limitations of dietary 
      survey techniques, studies of high-level male road cyclists provide important 
      information about nutrient intake and food practices during training and major 
      stage races. Typically, male cyclists undertaking intensive training programmes 
      report a high energy intake (> or = 250 kJ/kg/day) and carbohydrate (CHO) intakes 
      of 8 to 11 g/kg/day. Intakes of protein and micronutrients are likely to meet 
      Recommended Dietary Intake levels, because of high energy intakes. Data on female 
      cyclists are scarce. Stage racing poses an increased requirement for energy and 
      CHO, with daily energy expenditure often exceeding 25 MJ. This must be achieved 
      in the face of practical constraints on the time available for eating, and the 
      suppression of appetite after exhausting exercise. However, studies show that 
      male cyclists riding for professional teams appear to meet these challenges, with 
      the assistance of their medical/scientific support crews. Current dietary 
      practices during cycle tours appear to favour greater reliance on pre-stage 
      intake and post-stage recovery meals to achieve nutritional goals. Recent reports 
      suggest that current riding tactics interfere with previous practices of 
      consuming substantial amounts of fluid and CHO while cycling. Further study is 
      needed to confirm these practices, and to investigate whether these or other 
      dietary strategies produce optimal cycling performance. Other issues that should 
      receive attention include dietary practices of female cyclists, beliefs and 
      practices regarding bodyweight control among cyclists, and the use of supplements 
      and sports foods.
FAU - Burke, L M
AU  - Burke LM
AD  - Department of Sports Nutrition, Australian Institute of Sport, Belconnen, 
      Australian Capital Territory. louise.burke@ausport.gov.au
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - New Zealand
TA  - Sports Med
JT  - Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
JID - 8412297
RN  - 0 (Dietary Carbohydrates)
RN  - 0 (Dietary Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Bicycling
MH  - Dietary Carbohydrates/*administration & dosage
MH  - Dietary Proteins/administration & dosage
MH  - *Eating
MH  - Energy Metabolism
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - *Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
MH  - Nutritional Requirements
MH  - *Physical Endurance
RF  - 56
EDAT- 2001/06/29 10:00
MHDA- 2001/10/26 10:01
CRDT- 2001/06/29 10:00
PHST- 2001/06/29 10:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2001/10/26 10:01 [medline]
PHST- 2001/06/29 10:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.2165/00007256-200131070-00007 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sports Med. 2001;31(7):521-32. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200131070-00007.