PMID- 11525988
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20011204
LR  - 20210526
IS  - 0099-2240 (Print)
IS  - 1098-5336 (Electronic)
IS  - 0099-2240 (Linking)
VI  - 67
IP  - 9
DP  - 2001 Sep
TI  - Antimicrobial properties of pyridine-2,6-dithiocarboxylic acid, a metal chelator 
      produced by Pseudomonas spp.
PG  - 3934-42
AB  - Pyridine-2,6-dithiocarboxylic acid (pdtc) is a metal chelator produced by 
      Pseudomonas spp. It has been shown to be involved in the biodegradation of carbon 
      tetrachloride; however, little is known about its biological function. In this 
      study, we examined the antimicrobial properties of pdtc and the mechanism of its 
      antibiotic activity. The growth of Pseudomonas stutzeri strain KC, a 
      pdtc-producing strain, was significantly enhanced by 32 microM pdtc. All 
      nonpseudomonads and two strains of P. stutzeri were sensitive to 16 to 32 microM 
      pdtc. In general, fluorescent pseudomonads were resistant to all concentrations 
      tested. In competition experiments, strain KC demonstrated antagonism toward 
      Escherichia coli. This effect was partially alleviated by 100 microM FeCl3. Less 
      antagonism was observed in mutant derivatives of strain KC (CTN1 and KC657) which 
      lack the ability to produce pdtc. A competitive advantage was restored to strain 
      CTN1 by cosmid pT31, which restores pdtc production. pT31 also enhanced the pdtc 
      resistance of all pdtc-sensitive strains, indicating that this plasmid contains 
      elements responsible for resistance to pdtc. The antimicrobial effect of pdtc was 
      reduced by the addition of Fe(III), Co(III), and Cu(II) and enhanced by Zn(II). 
      Analyses by mass spectrometry determined that Cu(I):pdtc and Co(III):pdtc2 form 
      immediately under our experimental conditions. Our results suggest that pdtc is 
      an antagonist and that metal sequestration is the primary mechanism of its 
      antimicrobial activity. It is also possible that Zn(II), if present, may play a 
      role in pdtc toxicity.
FAU - Sebat, J L
AU  - Sebat JL
AD  - Environmental Biotechnology Institute and Department of Microbiology, Molecular 
      Biology & Biochemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-1052, USA.
FAU - Paszczynski, A J
AU  - Paszczynski AJ
FAU - Cortese, M S
AU  - Cortese MS
FAU - Crawford, R L
AU  - Crawford RL
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Appl Environ Microbiol
JT  - Applied and environmental microbiology
JID - 7605801
RN  - 0 (Chelating Agents)
RN  - 0 (Culture Media)
RN  - 0 (Metals, Heavy)
RN  - 0 (Pyridines)
RN  - 0 (pyridine-2,6-bis(thiocarboxylic acid))
SB  - IM
MH  - Bacteria/*drug effects/growth & development
MH  - Chelating Agents/metabolism/*pharmacology
MH  - Cosmids/genetics
MH  - Culture Media
MH  - Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics
MH  - Metals, Heavy/metabolism
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests
MH  - Pseudomonas/*metabolism
MH  - Pyridines/metabolism/*pharmacology
PMC - PMC93112
EDAT- 2001/08/30 10:00
MHDA- 2002/01/05 10:01
PMCR- 2001/09/01
CRDT- 2001/08/30 10:00
PHST- 2001/08/30 10:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2002/01/05 10:01 [medline]
PHST- 2001/08/30 10:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2001/09/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 0430 [pii]
AID - 10.1128/AEM.67.9.3934-3942.2001 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001 Sep;67(9):3934-42. doi: 
      10.1128/AEM.67.9.3934-3942.2001.