PMID- 11607425
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20011207
LR  - 20190501
IS  - 0027-8424 (Print)
IS  - 1091-6490 (Electronic)
IS  - 0027-8424 (Linking)
VI  - 90
IP  - 18
DP  - 1993 Sep 15
TI  - Agricultural soil fumigation as a source of atmospheric methyl bromide.
PG  - 8420-3
AB  - Methyl bromide (MeBr) is used increasingly as a biocidal fumigant, primarily in 
      agricultural soils prior to planting of crops. This usage carries potential for 
      stratospheric ozone reduction due to Br atom catalysis, depending on how much 
      MeBr escapes from fumigated soils to the atmosphere and on details of atmospheric 
      chemical reactions. We present direct field measurements of MeBr escape; 87% of 
      the applied MeBr was emitted within 7 days after a commercial fumigation. 
      Covering the field with plastic sheets retarded MeBr escape somewhat but 
      first-day losses were still 40%; thicker sections of sheets were relatively more 
      effective than thin sections. We also measured gaseous MeBr concentrations versus 
      depth in the soil column; these profiles display diffusion-like evolution. In 
      soil, MeBr is partitioned among gas, liquid, and adsorbed solid phases. 
      Calculated soil inventories agreed only roughly with applied amounts, probably 
      due to nonequilibrium partitioning (during the first 30 min) and to uncertainties 
      in partitioning coefficients. Fumigated fields may release less MeBr if they are 
      covered by more gas-tight plastic films, if injection techniques are improved and 
      injection is deeper, and if soil moistures, organic amounts, and densities are 
      greater than in the soil studied here.
FAU - Yagi, K
AU  - Yagi K
AD  - Department of Geosciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92717-3100, USA.
FAU - Williams, J
AU  - Williams J
FAU - Wang, N Y
AU  - Wang NY
FAU - Cicerone, R J
AU  - Cicerone RJ
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
JT  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JID - 7505876
PMC - PMC47368
EDAT- 1993/09/15 00:00
MHDA- 2001/10/19 10:01
PMCR- 1994/03/15
CRDT- 1993/09/15 00:00
PHST- 1993/09/15 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2001/10/19 10:01 [medline]
PHST- 1993/09/15 00:00 [entrez]
PHST- 1994/03/15 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1073/pnas.90.18.8420 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Sep 15;90(18):8420-3. doi: 
      10.1073/pnas.90.18.8420.