PMID- 11719288
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20020208
LR  - 20191025
IS  - 0952-5041 (Print)
IS  - 0952-5041 (Linking)
VI  - 27
IP  - 3
DP  - 2001 Dec
TI  - Alu elements in human growth hormone receptor gene 5' untranslated region exons.
PG  - 357-66
AB  - The human growth hormone receptor (hGHR) is encoded by exons 2-10 of the hGHR 
      gene on chromosome 5p13.1-p12. There are several different 5' untranslated region 
      (5'UTR) variants of hGHR mRNA (V1-V9) that all encode the same protein. We have 
      recently mapped the V1-V9 5'UTR sequences within 40 kb of the 5' flanking region 
      of the hGHR gene. Seven of the exons are clustered within two small modules, 
      module A (V2-V9-V3) and module B (V7-V1-V4-V8), approximately 38 kb and 
      approximately 18 kb respectively upstream of exon 2 of the coding region; V6 lies 
      midway between the two modules and V5 is adjacent to exon 2. We now report the 
      existence of two subvariant V3 exons, one upstream of module A (exon V3b) and one 
      midway between module B and exon 2 (exon V3a/b). Both have sequences homologous 
      to Alu elements. In addition, we determined the alternative splicing mechanisms 
      that produce three different mRNAs from these exons: V3c (from the V3 exon in 
      module A) or V3a and V3b (from a combination of exon V3 and the Alu-containing V3 
      subvariant exons). hGHR expression is under developmental- and tissue-specific 
      regulation: module A-derived mRNAs are widely expressed in human tissues, while 
      module B-derived mRNAs are only detectable in postnatal liver. Expression of the 
      variant V3 mRNAs is similar to those from module A, being produced ubiquitously 
      in human fetal and postnatal tissues, with V3c always the major variant detected. 
      The Alu-containing mRNAs (V3a and V3b) are also detectable in baboon and rhesus 
      tissues, in accordance with the finding of Alu elements throughout the primate 
      genome. In summary, we have mapped the relative locations of two new 5'UTR exons 
      within the 5' flanking region of the hGHR gene and described the derivation and 
      expression patterns for two variant hGHR mRNAs from these primate-specific exons. 
      The introduction of Alu elements has contributed to the evolution of the primate 
      GHR gene as a highly complex transcriptional unit.
FAU - Goodyer, C G
AU  - Goodyer CG
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3Z 2Z3, Canada. 
      cindy.goodyer@muhc.mcgill.ca
FAU - Zheng, H
AU  - Zheng H
FAU - Hendy, G N
AU  - Hendy GN
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - England
TA  - J Mol Endocrinol
JT  - Journal of molecular endocrinology
JID - 8902617
RN  - 0 (5' Untranslated Regions)
RN  - 0 (Membrane Proteins)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 0 (delta-hGHR)
RN  - 9007-49-2 (DNA)
SB  - IM
MH  - 5' Untranslated Regions
MH  - Adult
MH  - *Alu Elements
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Chromosome Mapping
MH  - Cloning, Molecular
MH  - DNA/genetics
MH  - Exons
MH  - Fetus/metabolism
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
MH  - Genetic Variation
MH  - Humans
MH  - Membrane Proteins/*genetics
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - RNA, Messenger/genetics
MH  - Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
MH  - Tissue Distribution
EDAT- 2001/11/24 10:00
MHDA- 2002/02/09 10:01
CRDT- 2001/11/24 10:00
PHST- 2001/11/24 10:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2002/02/09 10:01 [medline]
PHST- 2001/11/24 10:00 [entrez]
AID - JME01041 [pii]
AID - 10.1677/jme.0.0270357 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Mol Endocrinol. 2001 Dec;27(3):357-66. doi: 10.1677/jme.0.0270357.