PMID- 11748617
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20020108
LR  - 20190921
IS  - 0022-104X (Print)
IS  - 0022-104X (Linking)
VI  - 290
IP  - 7
DP  - 2001 Dec 1
TI  - Sex determination in the chicken embryo.
PG  - 691-9
AB  - The chicken embryo represents a suitable model for studying vertebrate sex 
      determination and gonadal sex differentiation. While the basic mechanism of sex 
      determination in birds is still unknown, gonadal morphogenesis is very similar to 
      that in mammals, and most of the genes implicated in mammalian sex determination 
      have avian homologues. However, in the chicken embryo, these genes show some 
      interesting differences in structure or expression patterns to their mammalian 
      counterparts, broadening our understanding of their functions. The novel 
      candidate testis-determining gene in mammals, DMRT1, is also present in the 
      chicken, and is expressed specifically in the embryonic gonads. In chicken 
      embryos, DMRT1 is more highly expressed in the gonads and Mullerian ducts of male 
      embryos than in those of females. Meanwhile, expression of the orphan nuclear 
      receptor, Steroidogenic Factor 1 (SF1) is up-regulated during ovarian 
      differentiation in the chicken embryo. This contrasts with the expression pattern 
      of SF1 in mouse embryos, in which expression is down-regulated during female 
      differentiation. Another orphan receptor initially implicated in mammalian sex 
      determination, DAX1, is poorly conserved in the chicken. A chicken DAX1 homologue 
      isolated from a urogenital ridge library lacked the unusual DNA-binding motif 
      seen in mammals. Chicken DAX1 is autosomal, and is expressed in the embryonic 
      gonads, showing somewhat higher expression in female compared to male gonads, as 
      in mammals. However, expression is not down-regulated at the onset of testicular 
      differentiation in chicken embryos, as occurs in mice. These comparative data 
      shed light on vertebrate sex determination in general.
CI  - Copyright 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
FAU - Smith, C A
AU  - Smith CA
AD  - Department of Paediatrics and Centre for Hormone Research, The University of 
      Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, 3052, Australia. 
      smithc@cryptic.rch.unimelb.edu.au
FAU - Sinclair, A H
AU  - Sinclair AH
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - J Exp Zool
JT  - The Journal of experimental zoology
JID - 0375365
RN  - 0 (DAX-1 Orphan Nuclear Receptor)
RN  - 0 (DMRT1 protein)
RN  - 0 (DNA-Binding Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Fushi Tarazu Transcription Factors)
RN  - 0 (Homeodomain Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Nr0b1 protein, mouse)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Retinoic Acid)
RN  - 0 (Repressor Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Steroidogenic Factor 1)
RN  - 0 (Transcription Factors)
RN  - 0 (steroidogenic factor 1, mouse)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cell Differentiation
MH  - Chick Embryo
MH  - DAX-1 Orphan Nuclear Receptor
MH  - DNA-Binding Proteins/*biosynthesis/pharmacology
MH  - Female
MH  - Fushi Tarazu Transcription Factors
MH  - *Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
MH  - Homeodomain Proteins
MH  - Male
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mullerian Ducts/*embryology
MH  - Ovary/*embryology
MH  - Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear
MH  - Receptors, Retinoic Acid/*biosynthesis
MH  - *Repressor Proteins
MH  - *Sex Determination Processes
MH  - *Sex Differentiation
MH  - Steroidogenic Factor 1
MH  - Testis/*embryology
MH  - Transcription Factors/*biosynthesis/pharmacology
MH  - Up-Regulation
EDAT- 2001/12/19 10:00
MHDA- 2002/01/10 10:01
CRDT- 2001/12/19 10:00
PHST- 2001/12/19 10:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2002/01/10 10:01 [medline]
PHST- 2001/12/19 10:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1002/jez.1119 [pii]
AID - 10.1002/jez.1119 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Exp Zool. 2001 Dec 1;290(7):691-9. doi: 10.1002/jez.1119.