PMID- 11835276 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20020701 LR - 20071115 IS - 0265-9247 (Print) IS - 0265-9247 (Linking) VI - 24 IP - 2 DP - 2002 Feb TI - Control of developmental timing by small temporal RNAs: a paradigm for RNA-mediated regulation of gene expression. PG - 119-29 AB - Heterochronic genes control the timing of developmental programs. In C. elegans, two key genes in the heterochronic pathway, lin-4 and let-7, encode small temporally expressed RNAs (stRNAs) that are not translated into protein. These stRNAs exert negative post-transcriptional regulation by binding to complementary sequences in the 3' untranslated regions of their target genes. stRNAs are transcribed as longer precursor RNAs that are processed by the RNase Dicer/DCR-1 and members of the RDE-1/AGO1 family of proteins, which are better known for their roles in RNA interference (RNAi). However, stRNA function appears unrelated to RNAi. Both sequence and temporal regulation of let-7 stRNA is conserved in other animal species suggesting that this is an evolutionarily ancient gene. Indeed, C. elegans, Drosophila and humans encode at least 86 other RNAs with similar structural features to lin-4 and let-7. We postulate that other small non-coding RNAs may function as stRNAs to control temporal identity during development in C. elegans and other organisms. CI - Copyright 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. FAU - Banerjee, Diya AU - Banerjee D AD - Department of Molecular, Cellular and Development Biology, Yale University, 266 Whitney Ave., New Haven, CT 06520, USA. FAU - Slack, Frank AU - Slack F LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - United States TA - Bioessays JT - BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology JID - 8510851 RN - 0 (3' Untranslated Regions) RN - 0 (Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins) RN - 0 (Helminth Proteins) RN - 0 (MicroRNAs) RN - 0 (RNA, Small Nuclear) RN - 0 (Repressor Proteins) RN - 0 (lin-4 microRNA, C elegans) RN - EC 3.1.- (Endoribonucleases) RN - EC 3.1.26.3 (Ribonuclease III) SB - IM MH - 3' Untranslated Regions/*genetics MH - Animals MH - Base Sequence MH - Caenorhabditis elegans/*genetics/physiology MH - Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/metabolism MH - Cell Lineage MH - Endoribonucleases/genetics MH - *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental MH - Gene Silencing/physiology MH - Helminth Proteins/genetics/metabolism MH - Humans MH - MicroRNAs MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Nucleic Acid Conformation MH - RNA, Small Nuclear/genetics/*metabolism MH - Repressor Proteins/genetics/metabolism MH - Ribonuclease III RF - 61 EDAT- 2002/02/09 10:00 MHDA- 2002/07/02 10:01 CRDT- 2002/02/09 10:00 PHST- 2002/02/09 10:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2002/07/02 10:01 [medline] PHST- 2002/02/09 10:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1002/bies.10046 [pii] AID - 10.1002/bies.10046 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Bioessays. 2002 Feb;24(2):119-29. doi: 10.1002/bies.10046.