PMID- 11840536
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20020517
LR  - 20061115
IS  - 0173-0835 (Print)
IS  - 0173-0835 (Linking)
VI  - 23
IP  - 2
DP  - 2002 Jan
TI  - Dermal nitrate: an old marker of firearm discharge revisited with capillary 
      electrophoresis.
PG  - 278-82
AB  - The present work describes a capillary electrophoretic method for nitrite and 
      nitrate determination to be used as a screening tool for investigating the 
      residues of firearm discharge. The use of capillary electrophoresis allowed the 
      rapid determination of nitrite and nitrate, which are major inorganic components 
      of gunshot residues, offering a quantitative and selective alternative to the 
      traditional paraffin test (dermal nitrate test). The method is simpler, cheaper, 
      and faster than the modern approaches to gunshot residue analysis based on the 
      determination of barium, lead and antimony by using flameless absorption 
      spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), or scanning 
      electron microscopy. The analysis was carried out in a bare fused-silica 
      capillary (75 microm inner diameter) with a 100 mM borate buffer (pH 9.24). The 
      detection was by UV absorption at 214 nm. Separation took place under reversed 
      voltage of 15 kV. Bromide was used as the internal standard. Sensitivity was 
      about 1 mM for both nitrite and nitrate. Reproducibility (intraday and 
      day-to-day) was also good with relative standard deviations (RSDs) < 1.0% for 
      relative migration times and < 4.5% for peak areas in both standard solutions and 
      real matrix. Hair and skin samples from a victim shot in the head were 
      successfully analyzed for the presence of nitrite and nitrate.
FAU - Tagliaro, Franco
AU  - Tagliaro F
AD  - Institute of Forensic Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, 
      Italy.
FAU - Bortolotti, Federica
AU  - Bortolotti F
FAU - Manetto, Giulia
AU  - Manetto G
FAU - Pascali, Vincenzo L
AU  - Pascali VL
FAU - Marigo, Mario
AU  - Marigo M
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - Germany
TA  - Electrophoresis
JT  - Electrophoresis
JID - 8204476
RN  - 0 (Nitrates)
RN  - 0 (Nitrites)
SB  - IM
MH  - Electrophoresis, Capillary/*methods/standards
MH  - Firearms
MH  - Humans
MH  - Nitrates/*analysis
MH  - Nitrites/*analysis
EDAT- 2002/02/13 10:00
MHDA- 2002/05/23 10:01
CRDT- 2002/02/13 10:00
PHST- 2002/02/13 10:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2002/05/23 10:01 [medline]
PHST- 2002/02/13 10:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1002/1522-2683(200202)23:2<278::AID-ELPS278>3.0.CO;2-Q [pii]
AID - 10.1002/1522-2683(200202)23:2<278::AID-ELPS278>3.0.CO;2-Q [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Electrophoresis. 2002 Jan;23(2):278-82. doi: 
      10.1002/1522-2683(200202)23:2<278::AID-ELPS278>3.0.CO;2-Q.