PMID- 11862367
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20020507
LR  - 20161124
IS  - 0033-3158 (Print)
IS  - 0033-3158 (Linking)
VI  - 159
IP  - 3
DP  - 2002 Jan
TI  - Use of amphetamine by recreational users of ecstasy (MDMA) is associated with 
      reduced striatal dopamine transporter densities: a [123I]beta-CIT SPECT 
      study--preliminary report.
PG  - 335-40
AB  - RATIONALE: Tablets sold as ecstasy often contain not only 
      3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) but other compounds well known to cause 
      dopaminergic neurotoxicity, such as (meth)amphetamine. Furthermore, the use of 
      ecstasy in the Netherlands is often combined with the use of amphetamine. 
      However, little is known about the effects of ecstasy use or the combination of 
      ecstasy and amphetamine use on dopamine (DA) neurones in the human brain. 
      OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to investigate the effects of ecstasy as well 
      as the combined use of ecstasy and amphetamine on the density of nigrostriatal DA 
      neurones. METHODS: [123I]beta-CIT SPECT was used to quantify striatal DA 
      transporters. Striatal [123I]beta-CIT binding ratios of control subjects ( n=15) 
      were compared with binding ratios of ecstasy users ( n=29) and individuals with a 
      history of combined ecstasy and amphetamine use ( n=9) after adjustment for age. 
      RESULTS: Striatal [123I]beta-CIT binding ratios were significantly lower in 
      combined ecstasy and amphetamine users compared to sole ecstasy users (6.75 
      versus 8.46, respectively: -20.2%, P=0.007). Binding ratios were significantly 
      higher in ecstasy users when compared to controls (8.46 versus 7.47, 
      respectively: +13.2%, P=0.045). CONCLUSIONS: These initial observations suggest 
      that the sole use of ecstasy is not related to dopaminergic neurotoxicity in 
      humans. In contrast, the reported use of amphetamine by regular users of ecstasy 
      seems to be associated with a reduction in nigrostriatal DA neurones.
FAU - Reneman, Liesbeth
AU  - Reneman L
AD  - Department of Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ 
      Amsterdam, The Netherlands. l.reneman@amc.uva.nl
FAU - Booij, Jan
AU  - Booij J
FAU - Lavalaye, Jules
AU  - Lavalaye J
FAU - de Bruin, Kora
AU  - de Bruin K
FAU - Reitsma, Johannes B
AU  - Reitsma JB
FAU - Gunning, BoudewijnW
AU  - Gunning B
FAU - den Heeten, Gerard J
AU  - den Heeten GJ
FAU - van Den Brink, Wim
AU  - van Den Brink W
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20011120
PL  - Germany
TA  - Psychopharmacology (Berl)
JT  - Psychopharmacology
JID - 7608025
RN  - 0 (Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors)
RN  - 0 (Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors)
RN  - 0 (Iodine Radioisotopes)
RN  - 0 (Membrane Glycoproteins)
RN  - 0 (Membrane Transport Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Nerve Tissue Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Radiopharmaceuticals)
RN  - 4H1Z7121WS (2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-iodophenyl)tropane)
RN  - CK833KGX7E (Amphetamine)
RN  - I5Y540LHVR (Cocaine)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors/metabolism
MH  - Adult
MH  - Amphetamine/*metabolism
MH  - Analysis of Variance
MH  - Cocaine/analogs & derivatives/*metabolism
MH  - Confidence Intervals
MH  - Corpus Striatum/*metabolism
MH  - Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins
MH  - Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors/metabolism
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Iodine Radioisotopes/metabolism
MH  - Male
MH  - *Membrane Glycoproteins
MH  - Membrane Transport Proteins/*metabolism
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/*metabolism
MH  - *Nerve Tissue Proteins
MH  - Radiopharmaceuticals/metabolism
MH  - Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon/methods/*statistics & numerical data
EDAT- 2002/02/28 10:00
MHDA- 2002/05/08 10:01
CRDT- 2002/02/28 10:00
PHST- 2001/07/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2001/09/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/02/28 10:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2002/05/08 10:01 [medline]
PHST- 2002/02/28 10:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s00213-001-0930-0 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2002 Jan;159(3):335-40. doi: 
      10.1007/s00213-001-0930-0. Epub 2001 Nov 20.