PMID- 11897967
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20020606
LR  - 20191210
IS  - 0163-4356 (Print)
IS  - 0163-4356 (Linking)
VI  - 24
IP  - 2
DP  - 2002 Apr
TI  - Drugs of abuse monitoring in blood for control of driving under the influence of 
      drugs.
PG  - 210-21
AB  - Driving under the influence of drugs is an issue of growing concern in the 
      industrialized countries as a risk and a cause for road accidents. In forensic 
      toxicology, the increasing number of samples for determination of drugs in blood 
      is mainly due to zero-tolerance laws in several countries and well-trained police 
      officers who can better recognize drivers under the influence of drugs of abuse. 
      This review describes procedures for detection of the following drugs of abuse in 
      whole blood, plasma, and serum: amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxy 
      methamphetamine (MDMA), N-ethyl-3, 4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDEA), 
      3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), cannabinoids (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol 
      [THC], 11-hydroxy-delta-9-THC, 11-nor-9-carboxy-delta-9-THC), cocaine, 
      benzoylecgonine, ecgonine methyl ester, cocaethylene, the opiates (heroin, 
      6-monoacetylmorphine, morphine, or codeine), and methadone as well as 
      gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), phencyclidine 
      (PCP), and psilocybin/psilocin. For many of the analytes, sensitive immunologic 
      methods for screening are available. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 
      is still the state-of-the-art method for confirmatory analysis or for screening 
      and confirmation in one step. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) 
      procedures for such purposes are also included in this review. Basic data about 
      the biosample assayed, internal standard, workup, GC or LC column and mobile 
      phase, detection mode, reference data, and validation data of each procedure are 
      summarized in two tables.
FAU - Moeller, Manfred R
AU  - Moeller MR
AD  - Institute of Legal Medicine, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology 
      and Toxicology, University of Saarland, D-66421 Homburg (Saar), Germany. 
      km27hwmm@uni-sarland.de
FAU - Kraemer, Thomas
AU  - Kraemer T
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - Ther Drug Monit
JT  - Therapeutic drug monitoring
JID - 7909660
RN  - 0 (Illicit Drugs)
SB  - IM
MH  - Accidents, Traffic/*prevention & control
MH  - Chromatography, Liquid
MH  - Forensic Medicine/*methods
MH  - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
MH  - Humans
MH  - Illicit Drugs/*blood
MH  - Substance Abuse Detection/*methods
RF  - 80
EDAT- 2002/03/19 10:00
MHDA- 2002/06/12 10:01
CRDT- 2002/03/19 10:00
PHST- 2002/03/19 10:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2002/06/12 10:01 [medline]
PHST- 2002/03/19 10:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1097/00007691-200204000-00003 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Ther Drug Monit. 2002 Apr;24(2):210-21. doi: 10.1097/00007691-200204000-00003.