PMID- 11996490
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20021104
LR  - 20190922
IS  - 1570-0232 (Print)
IS  - 1570-0232 (Linking)
VI  - 769
IP  - 2
DP  - 2002 Apr 5
TI  - Rapid screening method for determination of Ecstasy and amphetamines in urine 
      samples using gas chromatography-chemical ionisation mass spectrometry.
PG  - 243-51
AB  - The need for analytical screening tests more reliable and valid to detect 
      amphetamine and related "designer drugs" in biological samples is becoming 
      critical, due to the increasing diffusion of these drugs on the European illegal 
      market. The most common screening procedures based on immunoassays suffer a 
      number of limitations, including low sensitivity, lack of specificity and limited 
      number of detectable substances. This paper describes a screening method based on 
      gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry (GC/MS) using positive chemical ionisation 
      (PCI) detection. Methanol was used as reactant gas in the ionisation chamber. 
      Molecular ions of different compounds were monitored, allowing a sensitivity of 
      5-10 ng/ml with high selectivity. The sensitivity of the method gives positive 
      results in samples taken 48-72 h after intake of one dose of 50-100 mg. The 
      method is simple and rapid. Sample preparation was limited to one liquid-liquid 
      extraction, without any hydrolysis and derivatisation. Hydrolysis is critical to 
      identify metabolites excreted as conjugates. Blank urine samples spiked with 
      known amounts of amphetamine (AM), methylamphetamine (MA), 
      methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), methylenedioxymethylamphetamine (MDMA), 
      methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA) and 
      methylenedioxyphenyl-N-methyl-2-butanamine (MBDB) were analysed. The method was 
      successfully tested on real samples of urine from people, whose use of 
      amphetamine was suspected, and results were compared with results obtained with 
      immunoassays.
FAU - Pellegrini, M
AU  - Pellegrini M
AD  - Clinical Biochemistry Department. Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy.
FAU - Rosati, F
AU  - Rosati F
FAU - Pacifici, R
AU  - Pacifici R
FAU - Zuccaro, R
AU  - Zuccaro R
FAU - Romolo, F S
AU  - Romolo FS
FAU - Lopez, A
AU  - Lopez A
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci
JT  - Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life 
      sciences
JID - 101139554
RN  - 0 (Amphetamines)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Amphetamines/*urine
MH  - Female
MH  - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/*methods
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/*urine
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
EDAT- 2002/05/09 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
CRDT- 2002/05/09 10:00
PHST- 2002/05/09 10:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2002/11/26 04:00 [medline]
PHST- 2002/05/09 10:00 [entrez]
AID - S1570-0232(01)00586-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/s1570-0232(01)00586-4 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2002 Apr 5;769(2):243-51. doi: 
      10.1016/s1570-0232(01)00586-4.