PMID- 12072230
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20020730
LR  - 20220331
IS  - 0165-2427 (Print)
IS  - 1873-2534 (Electronic)
IS  - 0165-2427 (Linking)
VI  - 87
IP  - 3-4
DP  - 2002 Sep 10
TI  - In vivo studies on cytokine involvement during acute viral respiratory disease of 
      swine: troublesome but rewarding.
PG  - 161-8
AB  - The early cytokines interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), tumour necrosis factor-alpha 
      (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1, -6 and -8 (IL-1, -6, -8) are produced during the most 
      early stage of an infection. The activities of these cytokines have been studied 
      extensively in vitro and in rodents, but in vivo studies on the role of these 
      cytokines in infectious diseases of food animals are few. This review 
      concentrates on in vivo studies of cytokine involvement in infectious respiratory 
      diseases of swine, with an emphasis on viral infections. First evidence for the 
      role of early cytokines in pneumonia in swine came from experimental infections 
      with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. The role of 
      TNF-alpha and IL-1 in the symptoms and pathology of porcine pleuropneumonia has 
      recently been proven by use of an adenovirus vector expressing the 
      anti-inflammatory IL-10. In the authors' laboratory, studies were undertaken to 
      investigate the relationship between viral respiratory disease and bioactive lung 
      lavage levels of IFN-alpha, TNF-alpha, IL-1 and IL-6. Out of three respiratory 
      viruses-porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV), porcine reproductive and 
      respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and swine influenza virus (SIV)-only SIV 
      induced acute respiratory disease and severe lung damage by itself. Disease and 
      lung pathology were tightly associated with the simultaneous production of 
      IFN-alpha, TNF-alpha, IL-1 and IL-6. In challenge studies of SIV-vaccinated pigs, 
      levels of IFN-alpha, TNF-alpha and IL-6, but not IL-1 were correlated with 
      clinical and virological protection. Multifactorial respiratory disease was 
      reproduced by combined inoculations with PRCV or PRRSV followed by LPS from 
      Escherichia coli. In comparison with the respective single inoculations, which 
      were subclinical, there was a true potentiation of disease and production of 
      TNF-alpha, IL-1 and IL-6. TNF-alpha and IL-6 were best correlated with disease. 
      In further studies, we will use more specific strategies to dissect the role of 
      cytokines during viral infections.
FAU - Van Reeth, Kristien
AU  - Van Reeth K
AD  - Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 
      Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. kristien.vanreeth@rug.ac.be
FAU - Van Gucht, Steven
AU  - Van Gucht S
FAU - Pensaert, Maurice
AU  - Pensaert M
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Vet Immunol Immunopathol
JT  - Veterinary immunology and immunopathology
JID - 8002006
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Lipopolysaccharides)
SB  - IM
MH  - Acute Disease
MH  - Animals
MH  - Coronavirus Infections/immunology/veterinary
MH  - Cytokines/*physiology
MH  - Influenza A virus
MH  - Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology
MH  - Lung/immunology
MH  - Lung Diseases/immunology/*veterinary
MH  - Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology/veterinary
MH  - Pneumonia of Swine, Mycoplasmal/immunology
MH  - Pneumonia, Bacterial/immunology
MH  - Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome/*immunology
MH  - Swine
MH  - Swine Diseases/*immunology
PMC - PMC7119797
EDAT- 2002/06/20 10:00
MHDA- 2002/07/31 10:01
PMCR- 2002/03/26
CRDT- 2002/06/20 10:00
PHST- 2002/06/20 10:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2002/07/31 10:01 [medline]
PHST- 2002/06/20 10:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2002/03/26 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S0165242702000478 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/s0165-2427(02)00047-8 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2002 Sep 10;87(3-4):161-8. doi: 
      10.1016/s0165-2427(02)00047-8.