PMID- 12076023
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20021213
LR  - 20191106
IS  - 0169-7722 (Print)
IS  - 0169-7722 (Linking)
VI  - 56
IP  - 1-2
DP  - 2002 May
TI  - Laboratory-scale in situ chemical oxidation of a perchloroethylene pool using 
      permanganate.
PG  - 49-74
AB  - In situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) is an emerging technology for the destruction 
      of some chlorinated solvents present in subsurface environments. A laboratory 
      investigation using a physical model was designed to assess the effectiveness of 
      using permanganate as an oxidant to reduce the mass of a perchloroethylene (PCE) 
      pool. The physical model was filled with silica sand overlying a silica flour 
      base, simulating a two-dimensional saturated sand zone overlying a capillary 
      barrier. PCE was introduced into the model so that it rested on top of the silica 
      flour base, forming a dense nonaqueous phase liquid pool. The experimental 
      methodology involved flushing the model with a permanganate solution for 146 
      days. During this period, measurements of chloride were used to assess the extent 
      of pool oxidation. Before and after the oxidant flush, the quasi-steady state 
      dissolution from the PCE pool was evaluated. Additionally, tracer studies were 
      completed to assess changes in the flow field due to the oxidation process. At 
      the termination of the experiment nine soil cores extracted from the model were 
      used to detect the presence of MnO2 deposits and to quantify the mass of PCE 
      remaining in the system. Excavation of the remaining material in the model 
      revealed that the MnO2 distribution throughout the model was consistent with that 
      observed in the cores. The oxidant flush was concluded before all of the pure 
      phase PCE had been completely oxidized; however, approximately 45% of the PCE 
      mass was removed, resulting in a fourfold decrease in the quasi-steady state 
      aqueous phase mass loading of PCE from the pool. Measurements of chloride during 
      the oxidant flush and of PCE in the soil cores suggested that the oxidation 
      reaction occurred primarily at the upgradient edge of the PCE pool. MnO2 deposits 
      within the model aquifer decreased the velocity of water directly above the pool, 
      and the overall mass transfer from the remaining PCE pool. The results of this 
      experimental study indicate that ISCO using permanganate is capable of removing 
      substantial mass from a DNAPL pool; however, the performance of ISCO as a pool 
      removal technology will be limited by the formation and precipitation of hydrous 
      MnO2 that occurs during the oxidation process.
FAU - MacKinnon, L K
AU  - MacKinnon LK
AD  - Department of Civil Engineering, University of Waterloo, ON, Canada.
FAU - Thomson, N R
AU  - Thomson NR
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - J Contam Hydrol
JT  - Journal of contaminant hydrology
JID - 8805644
RN  - 0 (Chlorides)
RN  - 0 (Manganese Compounds)
RN  - 0 (Oxides)
RN  - 0 (Soil)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
RN  - 00OT1QX5U4 (Potassium Permanganate)
RN  - 7631-86-9 (Silicon Dioxide)
RN  - TF219GU161 (manganese dioxide)
RN  - TJ904HH8SN (Tetrachloroethylene)
SB  - IM
MH  - Chlorides/analysis
MH  - Manganese Compounds/chemistry
MH  - Oxidation-Reduction
MH  - Oxides/chemistry
MH  - Potassium Permanganate/*chemistry
MH  - Silicon Dioxide
MH  - Soil
MH  - Tetrachloroethylene/*chemistry
MH  - *Water Pollutants, Chemical
EDAT- 2002/06/22 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/17 04:00
CRDT- 2002/06/22 10:00
PHST- 2002/06/22 10:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2002/12/17 04:00 [medline]
PHST- 2002/06/22 10:00 [entrez]
AID - S0169-7722(01)00203-0 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/s0169-7722(01)00203-0 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Contam Hydrol. 2002 May;56(1-2):49-74. doi: 10.1016/s0169-7722(01)00203-0.