PMID- 12152806
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20030129
LR  - 20201208
IS  - 1040-6387 (Print)
IS  - 1040-6387 (Linking)
VI  - 14
IP  - 4
DP  - 2002 Jul
TI  - A survey of agents associated with neonatal diarrhea in Iowa swine including 
      Clostridium difficile and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.
PG  - 281-7
AB  - This survey was undertaken to determine the relative frequency of agents that are 
      currently associated with neonatal diarrhea in swine, including Clostridium 
      difficile and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). The 
      subjects for this study were the first 100 live 1-7-day-old piglets submitted to 
      the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory with a clinical 
      signalment of diarrhea, beginning on January 1, 2000. The evaluation of each pig 
      included bacterial culture of a section of ileum, 2 sections of jejunum, and a 
      single section of colon; a fluorescent antibody test (FAT) or 
      immunohistochemistry (IHC) for transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV); 
      ELISA's for rotavirus and C. difficile toxins; IHC for PRRSV; and microscopic 
      examination of ileum, midjejunum, spiral colon, liver, spleen, and lung. Survey 
      results demonstrate a decline in the relative number of diagnoses of TGEV, 
      Escherichia coli, and Clostridium perfringens type C compared with retrospective 
      data. The combined case frequency rate for these 3 pathogens dropped from 70% in 
      1988 to 21% in 2000. This survey also demonstrated the emergence of C. difficile 
      as an important pathogen of neonatal swine. Clostridium difficle toxin was 
      detected in the colon contents of 29% of the piglets, and at least 1 
      toxin-positive animal was identified in 55% of the cases. All 29 C. difficile 
      toxin-positive piglets had mesocolonic edema, and colitis was observed in 21 of 
      29 toxin-positive animals. PRRSV-positive macrophages were detected in the lamina 
      propria of intestinal villi by IHC in 10 piglets with diarrhea. In 6 of these 
      cases, PRRSV was the only pathogen detected. Gross and microscopic lung lesions 
      were not a reliable indicator of PRRSV infection in these neonatal pigs with 
      diarrhea. The addition of tests for C. difficile and PRRSV to a routine neonatal 
      diarrhea diagnostic protocol resulted in a significant increase in thediagnostic 
      success rate on both individual animal and case bases.
FAU - Yaeger, Michael
AU  - Yaeger M
AD  - Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of 
      Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA.
FAU - Funk, Nathan
AU  - Funk N
FAU - Hoffman, Lorraine
AU  - Hoffman L
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - J Vet Diagn Invest
JT  - Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the 
      American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc
JID - 9011490
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Animals, Newborn
MH  - Clostridioides difficile/isolation & purification/*pathogenicity
MH  - Data Collection
MH  - Diagnosis, Differential
MH  - Diarrhea/microbiology/*veterinary
MH  - Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/complications/etiology/*veterinary
MH  - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
MH  - Immunohistochemistry
MH  - Iowa/epidemiology
MH  - Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome/etiology/*pathology
MH  - Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus/isolation & 
      purification/*pathogenicity
MH  - Swine
MH  - Swine Diseases/*microbiology/pathology
EDAT- 2002/08/03 10:00
MHDA- 2003/01/30 04:00
CRDT- 2002/08/03 10:00
PHST- 2002/08/03 10:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2003/01/30 04:00 [medline]
PHST- 2002/08/03 10:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1177/104063870201400402 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Vet Diagn Invest. 2002 Jul;14(4):281-7. doi: 10.1177/104063870201400402.