PMID- 12167312
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20030304
LR  - 20190922
IS  - 1011-1344 (Print)
IS  - 1011-1344 (Linking)
VI  - 67
IP  - 3
DP  - 2002 Jul
TI  - Effect of dye aggregation on triarylmethane-mediated photoinduced damage of 
      hexokinase and DNA.
PG  - 139-48
AB  - The observation that enhanced mitochondrial membrane potential is a prevalent 
      cancer cell phenotype has provided the conceptual basis for the development of 
      mitochondrial targeting as a novel therapeutic strategy for both chemo- and 
      photochemotherapy of neoplastic diseases. Cationic triarylmethane (TAM(+)) dyes 
      represent a series of photosensitizers whose phototoxic effects develop at least 
      in part at the mitochondrial level. In this report we describe how the molecular 
      structure of four representative TAM(+) dyes (Crystal Violet, Ethyl Violet, 
      Victoria blue R, and Victoria pure blue BO) affects their efficiency as mediators 
      of the photoinduced inactivation of two model mitochondrial targets, hexokinase 
      (HK) and DNA. Our results have indicated that TAM(+) dyes efficiently bind to HK 
      and DNA in aqueous media both as dye monomers and aggregates, with the degree of 
      aggregation increasing with increasing the lipophilic character of the 
      photosensitizer. The efficiency with which HK and DNA are damaged upon 532 nm 
      photolysis of biopolymer-TAM(+) complexes was found to decrease upon increasing 
      the degree of dye aggregation over these macromolecular templates. Comparative 
      experiments carried out both in water and in D(2)O, and in air-equilibrated and 
      nitrogen-purged samples have also indicated that, at least when Crystal Violet is 
      used as the photosensitizer, the mechanism of macromolecular damage does not 
      require the involvement of molecular oxygen to operate. This finding makes 
      Crystal Violet a potential candidate for use in photochemotherapy of hypoxic or 
      poorly perfused tumor areas.
FAU - Lewis, Lavinia M
AU  - Lewis LM
AD  - University of Wisconsin, School of Pharmacy, Madison 53705 2222, USA.
FAU - Indig, Guilherme L
AU  - Indig GL
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - J Photochem Photobiol B
JT  - Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology
JID - 8804966
RN  - 0 (Coloring Agents)
RN  - 9007-49-2 (DNA)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.1 (Hexokinase)
RN  - OP0UW79H66 (Methane)
SB  - IM
MH  - Coloring Agents/*chemistry
MH  - DNA/*drug effects
MH  - *DNA Damage
MH  - Hexokinase/*drug effects
MH  - Methane/analogs & derivatives/*pharmacology
EDAT- 2002/08/09 10:00
MHDA- 2003/03/05 04:00
CRDT- 2002/08/09 10:00
PHST- 2002/08/09 10:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2003/03/05 04:00 [medline]
PHST- 2002/08/09 10:00 [entrez]
AID - S1011134402003081 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/s1011-1344(02)00308-1 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Photochem Photobiol B. 2002 Jul;67(3):139-48. doi: 
      10.1016/s1011-1344(02)00308-1.