PMID- 12173733
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20030129
LR  - 20121115
IS  - 0394-3402 (Print)
IS  - 0394-3402 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 3
DP  - 2002 Jun
TI  - Therapeutic strategies for Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
PG  - 173-203
AB  - Although diabetes mellitus is a manageable disorder, the associated complications 
      that result in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide necessitate novel 
      approaches of pharmacologic, cell, and gene therapy for an eventual cure. A 
      significant number of animal studies have demonstrated the potential of restoring 
      normoglycemia by islet transplantation in the context of immunoregulation 
      achieved by gene transfer of immunoregulatory genes to allo- and xenogeneic 
      islets ex vivo. Examples include viral vector-mediated gene transfer of 
      immunosuppressive cytokines, proteins that block co-stimulation and molecules 
      that prevent apoptotic cell death. Additionally, gene and cell therapy has also 
      been used to induce tolerance to auto- and alloantigens and to generate the 
      tolerant state in autoimmune rodent animal models of Type 1 diabetes mellitus 
      (T1DM) or rodent recipients of allogeneic/xenogeneic islet transplants. Gene 
      transfer of putative autoantigens is one example. The achievements of gene and 
      cell therapy in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are less evident, but seminal 
      studies promise that this modality can be relevant to treat and perhaps prevent 
      the underlying causes of the disease including obesity and insulin resistance. 
      Herein, we present an overview of the current status of drug, gene and cell 
      therapy for T1DM and T2DM and we propose novel therapeutic options that could be 
      clinically useful.
FAU - Giannoukakis, N
AU  - Giannoukakis N
AD  - Dept of Pathology, and Diabetes Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of 
      Medicine, Rangos Research Center, PA 15213, USA. ngiann1@pitt.edu
FAU - Pietropaolo, M
AU  - Pietropaolo M
FAU - Trucco, M
AU  - Trucco M
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - Italy
TA  - Diabetes Nutr Metab
JT  - Diabetes, nutrition & metabolism
JID - 8813443
RN  - 0 (Autoantigens)
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Hypoglycemic Agents)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Apoptosis
MH  - Autoantigens/immunology
MH  - Autoimmunity/genetics/immunology
MH  - Cytokines/genetics
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology/*therapy
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology/prevention & control/*therapy
MH  - Genetic Therapy
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
MH  - Immune Tolerance/genetics
MH  - Insulin Resistance
MH  - Islets of Langerhans Transplantation
MH  - Obesity/prevention & control
MH  - Transfection
RF  - 279
EDAT- 2002/08/14 10:00
MHDA- 2003/01/30 04:00
CRDT- 2002/08/14 10:00
PHST- 2002/08/14 10:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2003/01/30 04:00 [medline]
PHST- 2002/08/14 10:00 [entrez]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Diabetes Nutr Metab. 2002 Jun;15(3):173-203.